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  196. </head>

  197. <body>

  198. <div id="content" class="content">

  199. <h1 class="title">Lab5 Solution Amirlan Sharipov (BS21-CS-01)</h1>

  200. <div id="table-of-contents" role="doc-toc">

  201. <h2>Table of Contents</h2>

  202. <div id="text-table-of-contents" role="doc-toc">

  203. <ul>

  204. <li><a href="#orgb4a8d53">1. Question 1</a>

  205. <ul>

  206. <li><a href="#orgb9d88ac">1.1. What is a zombie process</a></li>

  207. <li><a href="#org266fff4">1.2. Finding zombie processes</a></li>

  208. <li><a href="#org459fc7a">1.3. kill vs killall vs pkill</a></li>

  209. <li><a href="#org5ff0fe7">1.4. top</a></li>

  210. <li><a href="#org83cfe45">1.5. kill fun processes script</a></li>

  211. <li><a href="#org48d69a8">1.6. Hello world</a></li>

  212. <li><a href="#org96feea4">1.7. System util</a></li>

  213. </ul>

  214. </li>

  215. </ul>

  216. </div>

  217. </div>

  218. 

  219. <div id="outline-container-orgb4a8d53" class="outline-2">

  220. <h2 id="orgb4a8d53"><span class="section-number-2">1.</span> Question 1</h2>

  221. <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-1">

  222. </div>

  223. <div id="outline-container-orgb9d88ac" class="outline-3">

  224. <h3 id="orgb9d88ac"><span class="section-number-3">1.1.</span> What is a zombie process</h3>

  225. <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-1">

  226. <p>

  227. Zombie processes appear in parent-child process relationships. They are finished executing, but they are still in the process table. For example, when a child process finishes executing, but parent process didn&rsquo;t acknowledge it yet.

  228. </p>

  229. </div>

  230. </div>

  231. <div id="outline-container-org266fff4" class="outline-3">

  232. <h3 id="org266fff4"><span class="section-number-3">1.2.</span> Finding zombie processes</h3>

  233. <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-2">

  234. <p>

  235. I created a zombie process using C and then run this command:

  236. </p>

  237. <div class="org-src-container">

  238. <pre class="src src-bash">bat zombie.c

  239. gcc zombie.c

  240. ./a.out &amp;

  241. ps aux | <span style="color: #c792ea;">grep</span> <span style="color: #c3e88d;">"defunct"</span> | <span style="color: #c792ea;">grep</span> -v <span style="color: #c3e88d;">"</span><span style="color: #c3e88d;">grep</span><span style="color: #c3e88d;">"</span>

  242. </pre>

  243. </div>

  244. 

  245. <pre class="example" id="org9746a26">

  246. #include &lt;stdio.h&gt;

  247. #include &lt;stdlib.h&gt;

  248. #include &lt;unistd.h&gt;

  249. 

  250. int main() {

  251. 	pid_t p = fork();

  252. 	if (p == 0) {

  253. 		exit(0);

  254. 	} else {

  255. 		sleep(10);

  256. 	}

  257. }

  258. rinri     810248  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        Z    19:11   0:00 [a.out] &lt;defunct&gt;

  259. </pre>

  260. <p>

  261. So, using the last command I can find zombie processes. Let&rsquo;s say that I know that there is only one zombie process. To kill it, let&rsquo;s kill its parent process:

  262. </p>

  263. <div class="org-src-container">

  264. <pre class="src src-bash"><span style="color: #c792ea;">kill</span> -9 $<span style="color: #c792ea;">(</span>ps -o <span style="color: #ffcb6b;">ppid</span>= -p $<span style="color: #f78c6c;">(</span>ps aux | <span style="color: #c792ea;">grep</span> -m <span style="color: #f78c6c; font-weight: bold;">1</span> <span style="color: #c3e88d;">"defunct"</span> | <span style="color: #c792ea;">grep</span> -v <span style="color: #c3e88d;">"</span><span style="color: #c3e88d;">grep</span><span style="color: #c3e88d;">"</span> | awk <span style="color: #c3e88d;">'{print $2;}'</span><span style="color: #f78c6c;">)</span><span style="color: #c792ea;">)</span>

  265. </pre>

  266. </div>

  267. 

  268. <p>

  269. By using this line, it&rsquo;s possible to create script to kill all the zombie processes.

  270. </p>

  271. </div>

  272. </div>

  273. 

  274. <div id="outline-container-org459fc7a" class="outline-3">

  275. <h3 id="org459fc7a"><span class="section-number-3">1.3.</span> kill vs killall vs pkill</h3>

  276. <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-3">

  277. <p>

  278. kill sends the specified signal to the given pid.

  279. killall sends the specified signal to all the processes by the given process name.

  280. pkill sends the specified signal to all the processes matching the given pattern.

  281. </p>

  282. </div>

  283. </div>

  284. 

  285. <div id="outline-container-org5ff0fe7" class="outline-3">

  286. <h3 id="org5ff0fe7"><span class="section-number-3">1.4.</span> top</h3>

  287. <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-4">

  288. <div class="org-src-container">

  289. <pre class="src src-bash">top -b -n <span style="color: #f78c6c; font-weight: bold;">1</span> | head -n <span style="color: #f78c6c; font-weight: bold;">5</span>

  290. </pre>

  291. </div>

  292. 

  293. <pre class="example">

  294. top - 19:12:03 up  2:35,  1 user,  load average: 2.29, 2.75, 2.98

  295. Tasks: 299 total,   1 running, 298 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie

  296. %Cpu(s): 17.4 us,  6.5 sy,  0.0 ni, 73.2 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  2.9 si,  0.0 st

  297. MiB Mem :  14886.6 total,   6722.9 free,   4607.7 used,   3556.0 buff/cache

  298. MiB Swap:   8243.0 total,   8243.0 free,      0.0 used.   9791.8 avail Mem 

  299. </pre>

  300. 

  301. <p>

  302. (Explaining the first evaluation, results may differ after export)

  303. The Tasks line says, that there is 283 total processes, 1 of them is currently running, others are sleeping. No stopeed and no zombie processes.

  304. The %Cpu(s) line says about processor utilization.

  305. (Taken from the Lab6 file)

  306.     us is the percent of time spent running user processes.

  307.     sy is the percent of time spent running the kernel.

  308.     ni is the percent of time spent running processes with manually configured nice values.

  309.     id is the percent of time idle (if high, CPU may be overworked).

  310.     wa is the percent of wait time (if high, CPU is waiting for I/O access).

  311.     hi is the percent of time managing hardware interrupts.

  312.     si is the percent of time managing software interrupts.

  313.     st is the percent of virtual CPU time waiting for access to physical CPU.

  314.     Values such as id, wa, and st help identify whether the system is overworked.

  315. </p>

  316. </div>

  317. </div>

  318. 

  319. <div id="outline-container-org83cfe45" class="outline-3">

  320. <h3 id="org83cfe45"><span class="section-number-3">1.5.</span> kill fun processes script</h3>

  321. <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-5">

  322. <div class="org-src-container">

  323. <pre class="src src-bash">bash -c <span style="color: #c3e88d;">"exec -a fun</span><span style="color: #f78c6c;">$</span><span style="color: #ffcb6b;">{RANDOM}</span><span style="color: #c3e88d;">process </span><span style="color: #c3e88d;">sleep</span><span style="color: #c3e88d;"> infinity"</span> &amp;

  324. bash -c <span style="color: #c3e88d;">"exec -a fun</span><span style="color: #f78c6c;">$</span><span style="color: #ffcb6b;">{RANDOM}</span><span style="color: #c3e88d;">process </span><span style="color: #c3e88d;">sleep</span><span style="color: #c3e88d;"> infinity"</span> &amp;

  325. bash -c <span style="color: #c3e88d;">"exec -a fun</span><span style="color: #f78c6c;">$</span><span style="color: #ffcb6b;">{RANDOM}</span><span style="color: #c3e88d;">process </span><span style="color: #c3e88d;">sleep</span><span style="color: #c3e88d;"> infinity"</span> &amp;

  326. 

  327. <span style="color: #ffcb6b;">FUNPROCS</span>=<span style="color: #c3e88d;">"</span><span style="color: #89DDFF; font-weight: bold;">$(</span><span style="color: #89DDFF; font-weight: bold;">pgrep</span><span style="color: #89DDFF; font-weight: bold;"> -f 'fun.*process.*infinity')</span><span style="color: #c3e88d;">"</span>

  328. <span style="color: #c792ea;">echo</span> <span style="color: #c3e88d;">"Found </span><span style="color: #89DDFF; font-weight: bold;">$(</span><span style="color: #89DDFF; font-weight: bold;">echo</span><span style="color: #89DDFF; font-weight: bold;"> "</span><span style="color: #89DDFF; font-weight: bold;">$</span><span style="color: #89DDFF; font-weight: bold;">FUNPROCS</span><span style="color: #89DDFF; font-weight: bold;">" | wc -l)</span><span style="color: #c3e88d;"> processes:"</span>

  329. <span style="color: #c792ea;">echo</span> <span style="color: #c3e88d;">"</span><span style="color: #f78c6c;">$</span><span style="color: #ffcb6b;">FUNPROCS</span><span style="color: #c3e88d;">"</span>

  330. <span style="color: #89DDFF;">for</span> FUNPROC<span style="color: #89DDFF;"> in</span> $<span style="color: #ffcb6b;">FUNPROCS</span>

  331. <span style="color: #89DDFF;">do</span>

  332.     <span style="color: #c792ea;">kill</span> -9 <span style="color: #c3e88d;">"</span><span style="color: #f78c6c;">$</span><span style="color: #ffcb6b;">FUNPROC</span><span style="color: #c3e88d;">"</span>

  333.     <span style="color: #c792ea;">echo</span> <span style="color: #c3e88d;">"killed </span><span style="color: #f78c6c;">$</span><span style="color: #ffcb6b;">FUNPROC</span><span style="color: #c3e88d;">"</span>

  334. <span style="color: #89DDFF;">done</span>

  335. </pre>

  336. </div>

  337. 

  338. <pre class="example">

  339. Found 3 processes:

  340. 811145

  341. 811146

  342. 811147

  343. killed 811145

  344. killed 811146

  345. killed 811147

  346. </pre>

  347. </div>

  348. </div>

  349. <div id="outline-container-org48d69a8" class="outline-3">

  350. <h3 id="org48d69a8"><span class="section-number-3">1.6.</span> Hello world</h3>

  351. <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-6">

  352. <div class="org-src-container">

  353. <pre class="src src-bash">bat helloworld.sh

  354. </pre>

  355. </div>

  356. 

  357. <pre class="example">

  358. #!/bin/bash

  359. 

  360. trap 'echo "Interrupt received"; exit' SIGUSR1

  361. while :

  362. do

  363.     echo "Hello World"

  364.     sleep 10

  365. done

  366. </pre>

  367. 

  368. 

  369. <p>

  370. To kill:

  371. kill -s SIGUSR1 &ldquo;$(ps aux | grep &rdquo;helloworld.sh&ldquo; | grep -v &rdquo;grep&ldquo; | awk &rsquo;{print $2}&rsquo;)&rdquo;

  372. </p>

  373. </div>

  374. </div>

  375. <div id="outline-container-org96feea4" class="outline-3">

  376. <h3 id="org96feea4"><span class="section-number-3">1.7.</span> System util</h3>

  377. <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-7">

  378. <div class="org-src-container">

  379. <pre class="src src-bash">bat status.sh

  380. </pre>

  381. </div>

  382. 

  383. <pre class="example" id="org928686a">

  384. #!/bin/bash

  385. 

  386. while :

  387. do

  388.     CPUUSAGE="$(top -b - n 1 | grep "Cpu" | awk '{print 100-$8}')%"

  389.     MEMUSAGE="$(free -h | grep "Mem" | awk '{print $3/$2*100}')%"

  390.     # disk usage for root directory

  391.     DISKUSAGE="$(df -h | awk '{ if ($6 == "/")

  392.     print $5;

  393.     }')"

  394. 

  395.     echo "$(date) CPU: $CPUUSAGE Mem: $MEMUSAGE Disk:$DISKUSAGE" &gt;&gt; /var/log/system_utilization.log

  396.     sleep 15

  397. done

  398. </pre>

  399. 

  400. <div class="org-src-container">

  401. <pre class="src src-bash">bat /var/log/system_utilization.log

  402. </pre>

  403. </div>

  404. 

  405. <pre class="example">

  406. Thu Mar  9 07:09:13 PM MSK 2023 CPU: 43.2% Mem: 32.1429% Disk:70%

  407. Thu Mar  9 07:09:29 PM MSK 2023 CPU: 45.7% Mem: 32.1429% Disk:70%

  408. Thu Mar  9 07:09:44 PM MSK 2023 CPU: 34.1% Mem: 32.1429% Disk:70%

  409. Thu Mar  9 07:09:59 PM MSK 2023 CPU: 28.5% Mem: 32.1429% Disk:70%

  410. Thu Mar  9 07:10:14 PM MSK 2023 CPU: 22.5% Mem: 32.1429% Disk:70%

  411. Thu Mar  9 07:10:30 PM MSK 2023 CPU: 34.8% Mem: 32.1429% Disk:70%

  412. Thu Mar  9 07:10:45 PM MSK 2023 CPU: 37.6% Mem: 32.1429% Disk:70%

  413. Thu Mar  9 07:11:00 PM MSK 2023 CPU: 29.8% Mem: 32.1429% Disk:70%

  414. </pre>

  415. </div>

  416. </div>

  417. </div>

  418. </div>

  419. <div id="postamble" class="status">

  420. <p class="author">Author: Amirlan Sharipov (BS21-CS-01)</p>

  421. <p class="date">Created: 2023-03-09 Thu 19:12</p>

  422. </div>

  423. </body>

  424. </html>