rinri
/
system-and-network-administration-course
1
0
Fork 0
Code Issues 0 Pull Requests 0 Releases 0 Wiki Activity
You can not select more than 25 topics Topics must start with a letter or number, can include dashes ('-') and can be up to 35 characters long.
1 Commit
1 Branch
1.6 MiB
 
 
 
Tree: 89edcc5866
Branches Tags
${ item.name }
Create branch ${ searchTerm }
from '89edcc5866'
${ noResults }
system-and-network-administ.../week1/lab1.html

283 lines
37 KiB
Raw Blame History 

  1. <!DOCTYPE html>

  2. 

  3. <html lang="en">

  4. 

  5. <head>

  6.     <meta charset="utf-8">

  7.     <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">

  8.     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no">

  9.     <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">

  10.     <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black">

  11.     <meta name="mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">

  12.     <title>

  13.         Lab 1: Introduction to Linux - HackMD

  14.     </title>

  15.     <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://hackmd.io/favicon.png">

  16.     <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://hackmd.io/apple-touch-icon.png">

  17. 

  18.     <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha256-916EbMg70RQy9LHiGkXzG8hSg9EdNy97GazNG/aiY1w=" crossorigin="anonymous" />

  19.     <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" integrity="sha256-eZrrJcwDc/3uDhsdt61sL2oOBY362qM3lon1gyExkL0=" crossorigin="anonymous" />

  20.     <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/ionicons/2.0.1/css/ionicons.min.css" integrity="sha256-3iu9jgsy9TpTwXKb7bNQzqWekRX7pPK+2OLj3R922fo=" crossorigin="anonymous" />

  21.     <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/octicons/3.5.0/octicons.min.css" integrity="sha256-QiWfLIsCT02Sdwkogf6YMiQlj4NE84MKkzEMkZnMGdg=" crossorigin="anonymous" />

  22.     <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/prism/1.5.1/themes/prism.min.css" integrity="sha256-vtR0hSWRc3Tb26iuN2oZHt3KRUomwTufNIf5/4oeCyg=" crossorigin="anonymous" />

  23.     <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@hackmd/emojify.js@2.1.0/dist/css/basic/emojify.min.css" integrity="sha256-UOrvMOsSDSrW6szVLe8ZDZezBxh5IoIfgTwdNDgTjiU=" crossorigin="anonymous" />

  24.     <style>

  25.         @import url(https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:300,300i,400,400i,500,500i|Source+Code+Pro:300,400,500|Source+Sans+Pro:300,300i,400,400i,600,600i|Source+Serif+Pro&subset=latin-ext);.hljs{display:block;background:#fff;padding:.5em;color:#333;overflow-x:auto}.hljs-comment,.hljs-meta{color:#969896}.hljs-emphasis,.hljs-quote,.hljs-string,.hljs-strong,.hljs-template-variable,.hljs-variable{color:#df5000}.hljs-keyword,.hljs-selector-tag,.hljs-type{color:#a71d5d}.hljs-attribute,.hljs-bullet,.hljs-literal,.hljs-number,.hljs-symbol{color:#0086b3}.hljs-built_in,.hljs-builtin-name{color:#005cc5}.hljs-name,.hljs-section{color:#63a35c}.hljs-tag{color:#333}.hljs-attr,.hljs-selector-attr,.hljs-selector-class,.hljs-selector-id,.hljs-selector-pseudo,.hljs-title{color:#795da3}.hljs-addition{color:#55a532;background-color:#eaffea}.hljs-deletion{color:#bd2c00;background-color:#ffecec}.hljs-link{text-decoration:underline}.markdown-body{font-size:16px;line-height:1.5;word-wrap:break-word}.markdown-body:after,.markdown-body:before{display:table;content:""}.markdown-body:after{clear:both}.markdown-body>:first-child{margin-top:0!important}.markdown-body>:last-child{margin-bottom:0!important}.markdown-body a:not([href]){color:inherit;text-decoration:none}.markdown-body .absent{color:#c00}.markdown-body .anchor{float:left;padding-right:4px;margin-left:-20px;line-height:1}.markdown-body .anchor:focus{outline:none}.markdown-body blockquote,.markdown-body dl,.markdown-body ol,.markdown-body p,.markdown-body pre,.markdown-body table,.markdown-body ul{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:16px}.markdown-body hr{height:.25em;padding:0;margin:24px 0;background-color:#e7e7e7;border:0}.markdown-body blockquote{font-size:16px;padding:0 1em;color:#777;border-left:.25em solid #ddd}.markdown-body blockquote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.markdown-body blockquote>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.markdown-body kbd,.popover kbd{display:inline-block;padding:3px 5px;font-size:11px;line-height:10px;color:#555;vertical-align:middle;background-color:#fcfcfc;border:1px solid #ccc;border-bottom-color:#bbb;border-radius:3px;box-shadow:inset 0 -1px 0 #bbb}.markdown-body .loweralpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.markdown-body h1,.markdown-body h2,.markdown-body h3,.markdown-body h4,.markdown-body h5,.markdown-body h6{margin-top:24px;margin-bottom:16px;font-weight:600;line-height:1.25}.markdown-body h1 .octicon-link,.markdown-body h2 .octicon-link,.markdown-body h3 .octicon-link,.markdown-body h4 .octicon-link,.markdown-body h5 .octicon-link,.markdown-body h6 .octicon-link{color:#000;vertical-align:middle;visibility:hidden}.markdown-body h1:hover .anchor,.markdown-body h2:hover .anchor,.markdown-body h3:hover .anchor,.markdown-body h4:hover .anchor,.markdown-body h5:hover .anchor,.markdown-body h6:hover .anchor{text-decoration:none}.markdown-body h1:hover .anchor .octicon-link,.markdown-body h2:hover .anchor .octicon-link,.markdown-body h3:hover .anchor .octicon-link,.markdown-body h4:hover .anchor .octicon-link,.markdown-body h5:hover .anchor .octicon-link,.markdown-body h6:hover .anchor .octicon-link{visibility:visible}.markdown-body h1 code,.markdown-body h1 tt,.markdown-body h2 code,.markdown-body h2 tt,.markdown-body h3 code,.markdown-body h3 tt,.markdown-body h4 code,.markdown-body h4 tt,.markdown-body h5 code,.markdown-body h5 tt,.markdown-body h6 code,.markdown-body h6 tt{font-size:inherit}.markdown-body h1{font-size:2em}.markdown-body h1,.markdown-body h2{padding-bottom:.3em;border-bottom:1px solid #eee}.markdown-body h2{font-size:1.5em}.markdown-body h3{font-size:1.25em}.markdown-body h4{font-size:1em}.markdown-body h5{font-size:.875em}.markdown-body h6{font-size:.85em;color:#777}.markdown-body ol,.markdown-body ul{padding-left:2em}.markdown-body ol.no-list,.markdown-body ul.no-list{padding:0;list-style-type:none}.markdown-body ol ol,.markdown-body ol ul,.markdown-body ul ol,.markdown-body ul ul{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0}.markdown-body li>p{margin-top:16px}.markdown-body li+li{padding-top:.25em}.markdown-body dl{padding:0}.markdown-body dl dt{padding:0;margin-top:16px;font-size:1em;font-style:italic;font-weight:700}.markdown-body dl dd{padding:0 16px;margin-bottom:16px}.markdown-body table{display:block;width:100%;overflow:auto;word-break:normal;word-break:keep-all}.markdown-body table th{font-weight:700}.markdown-body table td,.markdown-body table th{padding:6px 13px;border:1px solid #ddd}.markdown-body table tr{background-color:#fff;border-top:1px solid #ccc}.markdown-body table tr:nth-child(2n){background-color:#f8f8f8}.markdown-body img{max-width:100%;box-sizing:content-box;background-color:#fff}.markdown-body img[align=right]{padding-left:20px}.markdown-body img[align=left]{padding-right:20px}.markdown-body .emoji{max-width:none;vertical-align:text-top;background-color:transparent}.markdown-body span.frame{display:block;overflow:hidden}.markdown-body span.frame>span{display:block;float:left;width:auto;padding:7px;margin:13px 0 0;overflow:hidden;border:1px solid #ddd}.markdown-body span.frame span img{display:block;float:left}.markdown-body span.frame span span{display:block;padding:5px 0 0;clear:both;color:#333}.markdown-body span.align-center{display:block;overflow:hidden;clear:both}.markdown-body span.align-center>span{display:block;margin:13px auto 0;overflow:hidden;text-align:center}.markdown-body span.align-center span img{margin:0 auto;text-align:center}.markdown-body span.align-right{display:block;overflow:hidden;clear:both}.markdown-body span.align-right>span{display:block;margin:13px 0 0;overflow:hidden;text-align:right}.markdown-body span.align-right span img{margin:0;text-align:right}.markdown-body span.float-left{display:block;float:left;margin-right:13px;overflow:hidden}.markdown-body span.float-left span{margin:13px 0 0}.markdown-body span.float-right{display:block;float:right;margin-left:13px;overflow:hidden}.markdown-body span.float-right>span{display:block;margin:13px auto 0;overflow:hidden;text-align:right}.markdown-body code,.markdown-body tt{padding:0;padding-top:.2em;padding-bottom:.2em;margin:0;font-size:85%;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.04);border-radius:3px}.markdown-body code:after,.markdown-body code:before,.markdown-body tt:after,.markdown-body tt:before{letter-spacing:-.2em;content:"\00a0"}.markdown-body code br,.markdown-body tt br{display:none}.markdown-body del code{text-decoration:inherit}.markdown-body pre{word-wrap:normal}.markdown-body pre>code{padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;word-break:normal;white-space:pre;background:transparent;border:0}.markdown-body .highlight{margin-bottom:16px}.markdown-body .highlight pre{margin-bottom:0;word-break:normal}.markdown-body .highlight pre,.markdown-body pre{padding:16px;overflow:auto;font-size:85%;line-height:1.45;background-color:#f7f7f7;border-radius:3px}.markdown-body pre code,.markdown-body pre tt{display:inline;max-width:auto;padding:0;margin:0;overflow:visible;line-height:inherit;word-wrap:normal;background-color:transparent;border:0}.markdown-body pre code:after,.markdown-body pre code:before,.markdown-body pre tt:after,.markdown-body pre tt:before{content:normal}.markdown-body .csv-data td,.markdown-body .csv-data th{padding:5px;overflow:hidden;font-size:12px;line-height:1;text-align:left;white-space:nowrap}.markdown-body .csv-data .blob-line-num{padding:10px 8px 9px;text-align:right;background:#fff;border:0}.markdown-body .csv-data tr{border-top:0}.markdown-body .csv-data th{font-weight:700;background:#f8f8f8;border-top:0}.news .alert .markdown-body blockquote{padding:0 0 0 40px;border:0 none}.activity-tab .news .alert .commits,.activity-tab .news .markdown-body blockquote{padding-left:0}.task-list-item{list-style-type:none}.task-list-item label{font-weight:400}.task-list-item.enabled label{cursor:pointer}.task-list-item+.task-list-item{margin-top:3px}.task-list-item-checkbox{float:left;margin:.31em 0 .2em -1.3em!important;vertical-align:middle;cursor:default!important}.markdown-body{padding-top:40px;padding-bottom:40px;max-width:758px;overflow:visible!important;position:relative}.markdown-body .emoji{vertical-align:top}.markdown-body pre{border:inherit!important}.markdown-body code{color:inherit!important}.markdown-body pre code .wrapper{display:-moz-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flex;display:-o-inline-flex;display:inline-flex}.markdown-body pre code .gutter{float:left;overflow:hidden;-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none}.markdown-body pre code .gutter.linenumber{text-align:right;position:relative;display:inline-block;cursor:default;z-index:4;padding:0 8px 0 0;min-width:20px;box-sizing:content-box;color:#afafaf!important;border-right:3px solid #6ce26c!important}.markdown-body pre code .gutter.linenumber>span:before{content:attr(data-linenumber)}.markdown-body pre code .code{float:left;margin:0 0 0 16px}.markdown-body .gist .line-numbers{border-left:none;border-top:none;border-bottom:none}.markdown-body .gist .line-data{border:none}.markdown-body .gist table{border-spacing:0;border-collapse:inherit!important}.markdown-body code[data-gist-id]{background:none;padding:0}.markdown-body code[data-gist-id]:after,.markdown-body code[data-gist-id]:before{content:""}.markdown-body code[data-gist-id] .blob-num{border:unset}.markdown-body code[data-gist-id] table{overflow:unset;margin-bottom:unset}.markdown-body code[data-gist-id] table tr{background:unset}.markdown-body[dir=rtl] pre{direction:ltr}.markdown-body[dir=rtl] code{direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed}.markdown-body .alert>p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.markdown-body pre.abc,.markdown-body pre.flow-chart,.markdown-body pre.graphviz,.markdown-body pre.mermaid,.markdown-body pre.sequence-diagram,.markdown-body pre.vega{text-align:center;background-color:inherit;border-radius:0;white-space:inherit;overflow:visible}.markdown-body pre.abc>code,.markdown-body pre.flow-chart>code,.markdown-body pre.graphviz>code,.markdown-body pre.mermaid>code,.markdown-body pre.sequence-diagram>code,.markdown-body pre.vega>code{text-align:left}.markdown-body pre.abc>svg,.markdown-body pre.flow-chart>svg,.markdown-body pre.graphviz>svg,.markdown-body pre.mermaid>svg,.markdown-body pre.sequence-diagram>svg,.markdown-body pre.vega>svg{max-width:100%;height:100%}.markdown-body pre>code.wrap{white-space:pre-wrap;white-space:-moz-pre-wrap;white-space:-pre-wrap;white-space:-o-pre-wrap;word-wrap:break-word}.markdown-body .alert>p:last-child,.markdown-body .alert>ul:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.markdown-body summary{display:list-item}.markdown-body summary:focus{outline:none}.markdown-body details summary{cursor:pointer}.markdown-body details:not([open])>:not(summary){display:none}.markdown-body figure{margin:1em 40px}.markdown-body .mark,.markdown-body mark{background-color:#fff1a7}.vimeo,.youtube{cursor:pointer;display:table;text-align:center;background-position:50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;background-color:#000;overflow:hidden}.vimeo,.youtube{position:relative;width:100%}.youtube{padding-bottom:56.25%}.vimeo img{width:100%;object-fit:contain;z-index:0}.youtube img{object-fit:cover;z-index:0}.vimeo iframe,.youtube iframe,.youtube img{width:100%;height:100%;position:absolute;top:0;left:0}.vimeo iframe,.youtube iframe{vertical-align:middle;z-index:1}.vimeo .icon,.youtube .icon{position:absolute;height:auto;width:auto;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%);color:#fff;opacity:.3;transition:opacity .2s;z-index:0}.vimeo:hover .icon,.youtube:hover .icon{opacity:.6;transition:opacity .2s}.slideshare .inner,.speakerdeck .inner{position:relative;width:100%}.slideshare .inner iframe,.speakerdeck .inner iframe{position:absolute;top:0;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;width:100%;height:100%}.figma{display:table;position:relative;width:100%;padding-bottom:56.25%}.figma iframe{position:absolute;top:0;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:1px solid #eee}.markmap-container{height:300px}.markmap-container>svg{width:100%;height:100%}.MJX_Assistive_MathML{display:none}#MathJax_Message{z-index:1000!important}.ui-infobar{position:relative;z-index:2;max-width:760px;margin:25px auto -25px;color:#777}.toc .invisable-node{list-style-type:none}.ui-toc{position:fixed;bottom:20px;z-index:998}.ui-toc.both-mode{margin-left:8px}.ui-toc.both-mode .ui-toc-label{height:40px;padding:10px 4px;border-top-left-radius:0;border-bottom-left-radius:0}.ui-toc-label{background-color:#e6e6e6;border:none;color:#868686;transition:opacity .2s}.ui-toc .open .ui-toc-label{opacity:1;color:#fff;transition:opacity .2s}.ui-toc-label:focus{opacity:.3;background-color:#ccc;color:#000}.ui-toc-label:hover{opacity:1;background-color:#ccc;transition:opacity .2s}.ui-toc-dropdown{margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:20px;padding-left:10px;padding-right:10px;max-width:45vw;width:25vw;max-height:70vh;overflow:auto;text-align:inherit}.ui-toc-dropdown>.toc{max-height:calc(70vh - 100px);overflow:auto}.ui-toc-dropdown[dir=rtl] .nav{padding-right:0;letter-spacing:.0029em}.ui-toc-dropdown a{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:pre}.ui-toc-dropdown .nav>li>a{display:block;padding:4px 20px;font-size:13px;font-weight:500;color:#767676}.ui-toc-dropdown .nav>li:first-child:last-child>ul,.ui-toc-dropdown .toc.expand ul{display:block}.ui-toc-dropdown .nav>li>a:focus,.ui-toc-dropdown .nav>li>a:hover{padding-left:19px;color:#000;text-decoration:none;background-color:transparent;border-left:1px solid #000}.ui-toc-dropdown[dir=rtl] .nav>li>a:focus,.ui-toc-dropdown[dir=rtl] .nav>li>a:hover{padding-right:19px;border-left:none;border-right:1px solid #000}.ui-toc-dropdown .nav>.active:focus>a,.ui-toc-dropdown .nav>.active:hover>a,.ui-toc-dropdown .nav>.active>a{padding-left:18px;font-weight:700;color:#000;background-color:transparent;border-left:2px solid #000}.ui-toc-dropdown[dir=rtl] .nav>.active:focus>a,.ui-toc-dropdown[dir=rtl] .nav>.active:hover>a,.ui-toc-dropdown[dir=rtl] .nav>.active>a{padding-right:18px;border-left:none;border-right:2px solid #000}.ui-toc-dropdown .nav .nav{display:none;padding-bottom:10px}.ui-toc-dropdown .nav>.active>ul{display:block}.ui-toc-dropdown .nav .nav>li>a{padding-top:1px;padding-bottom:1px;padding-left:30px;font-size:12px;font-weight:400}.ui-toc-dropdown[dir=rtl] .nav .nav>li>a{padding-right:30px}.ui-toc-dropdown .nav .nav>li>ul>li>a{padding-top:1px;padding-bottom:1px;padding-left:40px;font-size:12px;font-weight:400}.ui-toc-dropdown[dir=rtl] .nav .nav>li>ul>li>a{padding-right:40px}.ui-toc-dropdown .nav .nav>li>a:focus,.ui-toc-dropdown .nav .nav>li>a:hover{padding-left:29px}.ui-toc-dropdown[dir=rtl] .nav .nav>li>a:focus,.ui-toc-dropdown[dir=rtl] .nav .nav>li>a:hover{padding-right:29px}.ui-toc-dropdown .nav .nav>li>ul>li>a:focus,.ui-toc-dropdown .nav .nav>li>ul>li>a:hover{padding-left:39px}.ui-toc-dropdown[dir=rtl] .nav .nav>li>ul>li>a:focus,.ui-toc-dropdown[dir=rtl] .nav .nav>li>ul>li>a:hover{padding-right:39px}.ui-toc-dropdown .nav .nav>.active:focus>a,.ui-toc-dropdown .nav .nav>.active:hover>a,.ui-toc-dropdown .nav .nav>.active>a{padding-left:28px;font-weight:500}.ui-toc-dropdown[dir=rtl] .nav .nav>.active:focus>a,.ui-toc-dropdown[dir=rtl] .nav .nav>.active:hover>a,.ui-toc-dropdown[dir=rtl] .nav .nav>.active>a{padding-right:28px}.ui-toc-dropdown .nav .nav>.active>.nav>.active:focus>a,.ui-toc-dropdown .nav .nav>.active>.nav>.active:hover>a,.ui-toc-dropdown .nav .nav>.active>.nav>.active>a{padding-left:38px;font-weight:500}.ui-toc-dropdown[dir=rtl] .nav .nav>.active>.nav>.active:focus>a,.ui-toc-dropdown[dir=rtl] .nav .nav>.active>.nav>.active:hover>a,.ui-toc-dropdown[dir=rtl] .nav .nav>.active>.nav>.active>a{padding-right:38px}.markdown-body{font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Roboto,Arial,sans-serif}html[lang^=ja] .markdown-body{font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Roboto,Arial,Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro,ヒラギノ角ゴ Pro W3,Osaka,Meiryo,メイリオ,MS Gothic,ＭＳ\ ゴシック,sans-serif}html[lang=zh-tw] .markdown-body{font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Roboto,Arial,PingFang TC,Microsoft JhengHei,微軟正黑,sans-serif}html[lang=zh-cn] .markdown-body{font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Roboto,Arial,PingFang SC,Microsoft YaHei,微软雅黑,sans-serif}html .markdown-body[lang^=ja]{font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Roboto,Arial,Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro,ヒラギノ角ゴ Pro W3,Osaka,Meiryo,メイリオ,MS Gothic,ＭＳ\ ゴシック,sans-serif}html .markdown-body[lang=zh-tw]{font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Roboto,Arial,PingFang TC,Microsoft JhengHei,微軟正黑,sans-serif}html .markdown-body[lang=zh-cn]{font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Roboto,Arial,PingFang SC,Microsoft YaHei,微软雅黑,sans-serif}html[lang^=ja] .ui-toc-dropdown{font-family:Source Sans Pro,Helvetica,Arial,Meiryo UI,MS PGothic,ＭＳ\ Ｐゴシック,sans-serif}html[lang=zh-tw] .ui-toc-dropdown{font-family:Source Sans Pro,Helvetica,Arial,Microsoft JhengHei UI,微軟正黑UI,sans-serif}html[lang=zh-cn] .ui-toc-dropdown{font-family:Source Sans Pro,Helvetica,Arial,Microsoft YaHei UI,微软雅黑UI,sans-serif}html .ui-toc-dropdown[lang^=ja]{font-family:Source Sans Pro,Helvetica,Arial,Meiryo UI,MS PGothic,ＭＳ\ Ｐゴシック,sans-serif}html .ui-toc-dropdown[lang=zh-tw]{font-family:Source Sans Pro,Helvetica,Arial,Microsoft JhengHei UI,微軟正黑UI,sans-serif}html .ui-toc-dropdown[lang=zh-cn]{font-family:Source Sans Pro,Helvetica,Arial,Microsoft YaHei UI,微软雅黑UI,sans-serif}.ui-affix-toc{position:fixed;top:0;max-width:15vw;max-height:70vh;overflow:auto}.back-to-top,.expand-toggle,.go-to-bottom{display:block;padding:4px 10px;margin-top:10px;margin-left:10px;font-size:12px;font-weight:500;color:#999}.back-to-top:focus,.back-to-top:hover,.expand-toggle:focus,.expand-toggle:hover,.go-to-bottom:focus,.go-to-bottom:hover{color:#563d7c;text-decoration:none}.back-to-top,.go-to-bottom{margin-top:0}.ui-user-icon{width:20px;height:20px;display:block;border-radius:50%;margin-top:2px;margin-bottom:2px;margin-right:5px;background-position:50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:cover}.ui-user-icon.small{width:18px;height:18px;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;margin:0 0 .2em}.ui-infobar>small>span{line-height:22px}.ui-infobar>small .dropdown{display:inline-block}.ui-infobar>small .dropdown a:focus,.ui-infobar>small .dropdown a:hover{text-decoration:none}.ui-more-info{color:#888;cursor:pointer;vertical-align:middle}.ui-more-info .fa{font-size:16px}.ui-connectedGithub,.ui-published-note{color:#888}.ui-connectedGithub{line-height:23px;white-space:nowrap}.ui-connectedGithub a.file-path{color:#888;text-decoration:none;padding-left:22px}.ui-connectedGithub a.file-path:active,.ui-connectedGithub a.file-path:hover{color:#888;text-decoration:underline}.ui-connectedGithub .fa{font-size:20px}.ui-published-note .fa{font-size:20px;vertical-align:top}.unselectable{-webkit-user-select:none;-o-user-select:none;user-select:none}.selectable{-webkit-user-select:text;-o-user-select:text;user-select:text}.inline-spoiler-section{cursor:pointer}.inline-spoiler-section .spoiler-text{border-radius:2px;background-color:#333}.inline-spoiler-section .spoiler-text>*{opacity:0}.inline-spoiler-section .spoiler-img{filter:blur(10px)}.inline-spoiler-section.raw{border-radius:2px;background-color:#333}.inline-spoiler-section.raw>*{opacity:0}.inline-spoiler-section.unveil{cursor:auto}.inline-spoiler-section.unveil .spoiler-text{background-color:rgba(51,51,51,.1)}.inline-spoiler-section.unveil .spoiler-text>*{opacity:1}.inline-spoiler-section.unveil .spoiler-img{filter:none}@media print{blockquote,div,img,pre,table{page-break-inside:avoid!important}a[href]:after{font-size:12px!important}}.markdown-body.slides{position:relative;z-index:1;color:#222}.markdown-body.slides:before{content:"";display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;z-index:-1;background-color:currentColor;box-shadow:0 0 0 50vw}.markdown-body.slides section[data-markdown]{position:relative;margin-bottom:1.5em;background-color:#fff;text-align:center}.markdown-body.slides section[data-markdown] code{text-align:left}.markdown-body.slides section[data-markdown]:before{content:"";display:block;padding-bottom:56.23%}.markdown-body.slides section[data-markdown]>div:first-child{position:absolute;top:50%;left:1em;right:1em;transform:translateY(-50%);max-height:100%;overflow:hidden}.markdown-body.slides section[data-markdown]>ul{display:inline-block}.markdown-body.slides>section>section+section:after{content:"";position:absolute;top:-1.5em;right:1em;height:1.5em;border:3px solid #777}.site-ui-font{font-family:Source Sans Pro,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}html[lang^=ja] .site-ui-font{font-family:Source Sans Pro,Helvetica,Arial,Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro,ヒラギノ角ゴ Pro W3,Osaka,Meiryo,メイリオ,MS Gothic,ＭＳ\ ゴシック,sans-serif}html[lang=zh-tw] .site-ui-font{font-family:Source Sans Pro,Helvetica,Arial,PingFang TC,Microsoft JhengHei,微軟正黑,sans-serif}html[lang=zh-cn] .site-ui-font{font-family:Source Sans Pro,Helvetica,Arial,PingFang SC,Microsoft YaHei,微软雅黑,sans-serif}body{font-smoothing:subpixel-antialiased!important;-webkit-font-smoothing:subpixel-antialiased!important;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:auto!important;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;letter-spacing:.025em;font-family:Source Sans Pro,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}html[lang^=ja] body{font-family:Source Sans Pro,Helvetica,Arial,Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro,ヒラギノ角ゴ Pro W3,Osaka,Meiryo,メイリオ,MS Gothic,ＭＳ\ ゴシック,sans-serif}html[lang=zh-tw] body{font-family:Source Sans Pro,Helvetica,Arial,PingFang TC,Microsoft JhengHei,微軟正黑,sans-serif}html[lang=zh-cn] body{font-family:Source Sans Pro,Helvetica,Arial,PingFang SC,Microsoft YaHei,微软雅黑,sans-serif}abbr[title]{border-bottom:none;text-decoration:underline;-webkit-text-decoration:underline dotted;text-decoration:underline dotted}abbr[data-original-title],abbr[title]{cursor:help}body.modal-open{overflow-y:auto;padding-right:0!important}svg{text-shadow:none}

  26.     </style>

  27.     <!-- HTML5 shim and Respond.js for IE8 support of HTML5 elements and media queries -->

  28.     <!-- WARNING: Respond.js doesn't work if you view the page via file:// -->

  29.     <!--[if lt IE 9]>

  30.     	<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/html5shiv/3.7.3/html5shiv.min.js" integrity="sha256-3Jy/GbSLrg0o9y5Z5n1uw0qxZECH7C6OQpVBgNFYa0g=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>

  31.     	<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/respond.js/1.4.2/respond.min.js" integrity="sha256-g6iAfvZp+nDQ2TdTR/VVKJf3bGro4ub5fvWSWVRi2NE=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>

  32. 		<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/es5-shim/4.5.9/es5-shim.min.js" integrity="sha256-8E4Is26QH0bD52WoQpcB+R/tcWQtpzlCojrybUd7Mxo=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>

  33.     <![endif]-->

  34. </head>

  35. 

  36. <body>

  37.     <div id="doc" class="markdown-body container-fluid comment-enabled comment-inner" data-hard-breaks="true"><h1 id="Lab-1-Introduction-to-Linux" data-id="Lab-1-Introduction-to-Linux"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Lab-1-Introduction-to-Linux" title="Lab-1-Introduction-to-Linux"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a><span>Lab 1: Introduction to Linux</span></h1><hr><h2 id="Environment-Preparation" data-id="Environment-Preparation"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Environment-Preparation" title="Environment-Preparation"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a><span>Environment Preparation</span></h2><ol>

  38. <li><span>Download and Install Ubuntu 22.04 LTS on your workstation as a virtual machine. It is recommended to use Virtualbox but you can use alternate solutions of your choice. You can use your host operating system if you have Ubuntu installed.</span></li>

  39. <li><span>Keep the instance of virtual machine for future labs</span></li>

  40. </ol><h2 id="Grading-requirements-for-all-labs" data-id="Grading-requirements-for-all-labs"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Grading-requirements-for-all-labs" title="Grading-requirements-for-all-labs"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a><span>Grading requirements for all labs</span></h2><ul>

  41. <li><span>Each lab has 10 points as maximum. To pass the lab, it should have minimum 6 points.</span></li>

  42. <li><span>By the end of the course every lab should be passed</span></li>

  43. <li><span>If lab was not done/passed in time (before an official deadline), student needs to do a re-take where score can be 6 as the maximum</span></li>

  44. <li><span>On every report note the following:</span>

  45. <ul>

  46. <li><span>Student’s name</span></li>

  47. <li><span>Lab name</span></li>

  48. <li><span>Title of the excercise</span></li>

  49. </ul>

  50. </li>

  51. <li><span>Appropriate style of the report should include the following: screenshots from the terminal,networks schemes, commands and its parameters explanation, simple logical flow and applicable conclusions</span></li>

  52. </ul><hr><h2 id="Exercise-1---Finding-your-way-around-Linux" data-id="Exercise-1---Finding-your-way-around-Linux"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Exercise-1---Finding-your-way-around-Linux" title="Exercise-1---Finding-your-way-around-Linux"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a><span>Exercise 1 - Finding your way around Linux</span></h2><ul>

  53. <li><span>Check the distribution of Linux you have just installed</span><pre><code>$ lsb_release -a

  54. </code></pre>

  55. </li>

  56. <li><span>Check the username of the user who is currently logged on to the local system</span><pre><code>$ whoami

  57. </code></pre>

  58. </li>

  59. <li><span>View all currently logged in users</span><pre><code>$ users

  60. </code></pre>

  61. </li>

  62. <li><span>View the content of your current working directory</span><pre><code>$ pwd

  63. </code></pre>

  64. </li>

  65. <li><span>List the content of your current directory</span><pre><code>$ ls -la

  66. </code></pre>

  67. </li>

  68. <li><span>Navigate to another directory</span><pre><code>$ cd Downloads/

  69. </code></pre>

  70. <span>Check your current working directory again.</span></li>

  71. </ul><blockquote>

  72. <p><span>A shell is a program that provides an interface for the user to interact with the operating system. It gathers input (commands) from the user, executes them, and return the output when necessary. The terminal where you type your command is a shell.</span></p>

  73. </blockquote><ul>

  74. <li><span>View all shells installed on the machine</span><pre><code>$ cat /etc/shells

  75. </code></pre>

  76. </li>

  77. <li><span>View the shell you are currently using</span><pre><code>echo "$SHELL"

  78. </code></pre>

  79. </li>

  80. <li><span>Learn to read manuals with the </span><code>man</code><span> command. Read the manual of the bash shell.</span><pre><code>$ man bash

  81. </code></pre>

  82. </li>

  83. </ul><h3 id="Questions-to-answer" data-id="Questions-to-answer"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Questions-to-answer" title="Questions-to-answer"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a><span>Questions to answer</span></h3><ol>

  84. <li><span>What is your machine hostname? How did you check it?</span></li>

  85. <li><span>What distribution of Linux did you install, and what is the version?</span></li>

  86. <li><span>What is the root directory on your machine?</span></li>

  87. <li><span>What is the difference between </span><code>/bin/bash</code><span> and </span><code>/bin/sh</code><span>?</span></li>

  88. <li><span>Read the manual for </span><code>bash</code><span>. List three options and describe what they do.</span>

  89. <blockquote>

  90. <p><span>Hint: RTFM</span></p>

  91. </blockquote>

  92. </li>

  93. <li><span>Write five (5) Linux distributions you want to try. Write short notes on their purposes.</span></li>

  94. <li><span>What is the POSIX standard?</span></li>

  95. <li><span>What are the advantages of the POSIX standard?</span></li>

  96. <li><span>Write the differences between Slackware and Debian.</span></li>

  97. <li><span>Explain all the details of the output from the command </span><code>uname -a</code><span>.</span></li>

  98. </ol></div>

  99.     <div class="ui-toc dropup unselectable hidden-print" style="display:none;">

  100.         <div class="pull-right dropdown">

  101.             <a id="tocLabel" class="ui-toc-label btn btn-default" data-toggle="dropdown" href="#" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" title="Table of content">

  102.                 <i class="fa fa-bars"></i>

  103.             </a>

  104.             <ul id="ui-toc" class="ui-toc-dropdown dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="tocLabel">

  105.                 <div class="toc"><ul class="nav">

  106. <li class=""><a href="#Lab-1-Introduction-to-Linux" title="Lab 1: Introduction to Linux">Lab 1: Introduction to Linux</a><ul class="nav">

  107. <li class=""><a href="#Environment-Preparation" title="Environment Preparation">Environment Preparation</a></li>

  108. <li><a href="#Grading-requirements-for-all-labs" title="Grading requirements for all labs">Grading requirements for all labs</a></li>

  109. <li class=""><a href="#Exercise-1---Finding-your-way-around-Linux" title="Exercise 1 - Finding your way around Linux">Exercise 1 - Finding your way around Linux</a><ul class="nav">

  110. <li class=""><a href="#Questions-to-answer" title="Questions to answer">Questions to answer</a></li>

  111. </ul>

  112. </li>

  113. </ul>

  114. </li>

  115. </ul>

  116. </div><div class="toc-menu"><a class="expand-toggle" href="#">Expand all</a><a class="back-to-top" href="#">Back to top</a><a class="go-to-bottom" href="#">Go to bottom</a></div>

  117.             </ul>

  118.         </div>

  119.     </div>

  120.     <div id="ui-toc-affix" class="ui-affix-toc ui-toc-dropdown unselectable hidden-print" data-spy="affix" style="top:17px;display:none;" null null>

  121.         <div class="toc"><ul class="nav">

  122. <li class=""><a href="#Lab-1-Introduction-to-Linux" title="Lab 1: Introduction to Linux">Lab 1: Introduction to Linux</a><ul class="nav">

  123. <li class=""><a href="#Environment-Preparation" title="Environment Preparation">Environment Preparation</a></li>

  124. <li><a href="#Grading-requirements-for-all-labs" title="Grading requirements for all labs">Grading requirements for all labs</a></li>

  125. <li class=""><a href="#Exercise-1---Finding-your-way-around-Linux" title="Exercise 1 - Finding your way around Linux">Exercise 1 - Finding your way around Linux</a><ul class="nav">

  126. <li class=""><a href="#Questions-to-answer" title="Questions to answer">Questions to answer</a></li>

  127. </ul>

  128. </li>

  129. </ul>

  130. </li>

  131. </ul>

  132. </div><div class="toc-menu"><a class="expand-toggle" href="#">Expand all</a><a class="back-to-top" href="#">Back to top</a><a class="go-to-bottom" href="#">Go to bottom</a></div>

  133.     </div>

  134.     <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.1.1/jquery.min.js" integrity="sha256-hVVnYaiADRTO2PzUGmuLJr8BLUSjGIZsDYGmIJLv2b8=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>

  135.     <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha256-U5ZEeKfGNOja007MMD3YBI0A3OSZOQbeG6z2f2Y0hu8=" crossorigin="anonymous" defer></script>

  136.     <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/gist-embed/2.6.0/gist-embed.min.js" integrity="sha256-KyF2D6xPIJUW5sUDSs93vWyZm+1RzIpKCexxElmxl8g=" crossorigin="anonymous" defer></script>

  137.     <script>

  138.         var markdown = $(".markdown-body");

  139.         //smooth all hash trigger scrolling

  140.         function smoothHashScroll() {

  141.             var hashElements = $("a[href^='#']").toArray();

  142.             for (var i = 0; i < hashElements.length; i++) {

  143.                 var element = hashElements[i];

  144.                 var $element = $(element);

  145.                 var hash = element.hash;

  146.                 if (hash) {

  147.                     $element.on('click', function (e) {

  148.                         // store hash

  149.                         var hash = this.hash;

  150.                         if ($(hash).length <= 0) return;

  151.                         // prevent default anchor click behavior

  152.                         e.preventDefault();

  153.                         // animate

  154.                         $('body, html').stop(true, true).animate({

  155.                             scrollTop: $(hash).offset().top

  156.                         }, 100, "linear", function () {

  157.                             // when done, add hash to url

  158.                             // (default click behaviour)

  159.                             window.location.hash = hash;

  160.                         });

  161.                     });

  162.                 }

  163.             }

  164.         }

  165. 

  166.         smoothHashScroll();

  167.         var toc = $('.ui-toc');

  168.         var tocAffix = $('.ui-affix-toc');

  169.         var tocDropdown = $('.ui-toc-dropdown');

  170.         //toc

  171.         tocDropdown.click(function (e) {

  172.             e.stopPropagation();

  173.         });

  174. 

  175.         var enoughForAffixToc = true;

  176. 

  177.         function generateScrollspy() {

  178.             $(document.body).scrollspy({

  179.                 target: ''

  180.             });

  181.             $(document.body).scrollspy('refresh');

  182.             if (enoughForAffixToc) {

  183.                 toc.hide();

  184.                 tocAffix.show();

  185.             } else {

  186.                 tocAffix.hide();

  187.                 toc.show();

  188.             }

  189.             $(document.body).scroll();

  190.         }

  191. 

  192.         function windowResize() {

  193.             //toc right

  194.             var paddingRight = parseFloat(markdown.css('padding-right'));

  195.             var right = ($(window).width() - (markdown.offset().left + markdown.outerWidth() - paddingRight));

  196.             toc.css('right', right + 'px');

  197.             //affix toc left

  198.             var newbool;

  199.             var rightMargin = (markdown.parent().outerWidth() - markdown.outerWidth()) / 2;

  200.             //for ipad or wider device

  201.             if (rightMargin >= 133) {

  202.                 newbool = true;

  203.                 var affixLeftMargin = (tocAffix.outerWidth() - tocAffix.width()) / 2;

  204.                 var left = markdown.offset().left + markdown.outerWidth() - affixLeftMargin;

  205.                 tocAffix.css('left', left + 'px');

  206.             } else {

  207.                 newbool = false;

  208.             }

  209.             if (newbool != enoughForAffixToc) {

  210.                 enoughForAffixToc = newbool;

  211.                 generateScrollspy();

  212.             }

  213.         }

  214.         $(window).resize(function () {

  215.             windowResize();

  216.         });

  217.         $(document).ready(function () {

  218.             windowResize();

  219.             generateScrollspy();

  220.         });

  221. 

  222.         //remove hash

  223.         function removeHash() {

  224.             window.location.hash = '';

  225.         }

  226. 

  227.         var backtotop = $('.back-to-top');

  228.         var gotobottom = $('.go-to-bottom');

  229. 

  230.         backtotop.click(function (e) {

  231.             e.preventDefault();

  232.             e.stopPropagation();

  233.             if (scrollToTop)

  234.                 scrollToTop();

  235.             removeHash();

  236.         });

  237.         gotobottom.click(function (e) {

  238.             e.preventDefault();

  239.             e.stopPropagation();

  240.             if (scrollToBottom)

  241.                 scrollToBottom();

  242.             removeHash();

  243.         });

  244. 

  245.         var toggle = $('.expand-toggle');

  246.         var tocExpand = false;

  247. 

  248.         checkExpandToggle();

  249.         toggle.click(function (e) {

  250.             e.preventDefault();

  251.             e.stopPropagation();

  252.             tocExpand = !tocExpand;

  253.             checkExpandToggle();

  254.         })

  255. 

  256.         function checkExpandToggle () {

  257.             var toc = $('.ui-toc-dropdown .toc');

  258.             var toggle = $('.expand-toggle');

  259.             if (!tocExpand) {

  260.                 toc.removeClass('expand');

  261.                 toggle.text('Expand all');

  262.             } else {

  263.                 toc.addClass('expand');

  264.                 toggle.text('Collapse all');

  265.             }

  266.         }

  267. 

  268.         function scrollToTop() {

  269.             $('body, html').stop(true, true).animate({

  270.                 scrollTop: 0

  271.             }, 100, "linear");

  272.         }

  273. 

  274.         function scrollToBottom() {

  275.             $('body, html').stop(true, true).animate({

  276.                 scrollTop: $(document.body)[0].scrollHeight

  277.             }, 100, "linear");

  278.         }

  279.     </script>

  280. </body>

  281. 

  282. </html>