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 </head>
 <body>
 <div id="content" class="content">
 <h1 class="title">Lab 1 Amirlan Sharipov (BS21-CS-01)</h1>
 <div id="table-of-contents" role="doc-toc">
 <h2>Table of Contents</h2>
 <div id="text-table-of-contents" role="doc-toc">
 <ul>
 <li><a href="#org7571a9d">1. About this document</a></li>
 <li><a href="#orgf4668cc">2. Exercise 1</a></li>
 <li><a href="#orge29640a">3. Questions</a>
 <ul>
 <li><a href="#orge1aa2bd">3.1. Using hostname command:</a></li>
 <li><a href="#orgfd20bdc">3.2. Arch Linux.</a></li>
 <li><a href="#orge186e45">3.3. The root directory is &ldquo;/&rdquo;</a></li>
 <li><a href="#orgc55cfc1">3.4. /bin/bash vs /bin/sh</a></li>
 <li><a href="#org78ddece">3.5. Bash manual</a></li>
 <li><a href="#org65d1d72">3.6. Linux distributions I want to try</a>
 <ul>
 <li><a href="#orgf7d803e">3.6.1. NixOS</a></li>
 <li><a href="#org2fdefff">3.6.2. Gentoo Linux</a></li>
 <li><a href="#org9c9b380">3.6.3. Artix Linux</a></li>
 <li><a href="#org1bf8e90">3.6.4. LFS</a></li>
 <li><a href="#org896f88e">3.6.5. Alpine Linux</a></li>
 </ul>
 </li>
 <li><a href="#orgc4925a6">3.7. POSIX</a></li>
 <li><a href="#org520649a">3.8. Advantages of POSIX standards</a></li>
 <li><a href="#org7b5efac">3.9. Slackware vs Debian</a></li>
 <li><a href="#org12183b1">3.10. uname -a</a></li>
 </ul>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 </div>

 <div id="outline-container-org7571a9d" class="outline-2">
 <h2 id="org7571a9d"><span class="section-number-2">1.</span> About this document</h2>
 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-1">
 <p>
 I use Org mode in Emacs to write documents and will use it throughout the course.
 It has a super useful feature: it can evaluate the code on the fly and save results in the buffer.
 Also it&rsquo;s easy to use latex inside Org mode. That&rsquo;s why I will use Org mode for this course.
 If there are any problems with that, please report in the comments in Moodle.
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>

 <div id="outline-container-orgf4668cc" class="outline-2">
 <h2 id="orgf4668cc"><span class="section-number-2">2.</span> Exercise 1</h2>
 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-2">
 <p>
 Code:
 </p>
 <div class="org-src-container">
 <pre class="src src-bash">lsb_release -a
 </pre>
 </div>

 <pre class="example">
 -e LSB Version:	n/a
 -e Distributor ID:	Arch
 -e Description:	Arch Linux
 -e Release:	rolling
 -e Codename:	n/a
 </pre>


 <p>
 Code:
 </p>
 <div class="org-src-container">
 <pre class="src src-bash">whoami
 </pre>
 </div>

 <pre class="example">
 rinri
 </pre>


 <p>
 Code:
 </p>
 <div class="org-src-container">
 <pre class="src src-bash">users
 </pre>
 </div>

 <pre class="example">
 rinri
 </pre>


 <p>
 Code:
 </p>
 <div class="org-src-container">
 <pre class="src src-bash"><span style="color: #c792ea;">pwd</span>
 </pre>
 </div>

 <pre class="example">
 /home/rinri/edu/sna
 </pre>


 <p>
 Code:
 </p>
 <div class="org-src-container">
 <pre class="src src-bash"><span style="color: #c792ea;">ls</span> -la
 </pre>
 </div>

 <pre class="example">
 total 224
 drwxr-xr-x  2 rinri users   4096 Feb  2 15:47 .
 drwxr-xr-x 25 rinri users   4096 Feb  2 14:13 ..
 -rw-r--r--  1 rinri users  20424 Feb  2 16:32 lab1.html
 -rw-r--r--  1 rinri users   6592 Feb  2 16:32 lab1.org
 -rw-r--r--  1 rinri users 190030 Feb  2 15:45 lab1.pdf
 </pre>


 <p>
 Code:
 </p>
 <div class="org-src-container">
 <pre class="src src-bash"><span style="color: #c792ea;">cd</span> ~/library
 <span style="color: #c792ea;">ls</span> -la
 </pre>
 </div>

 <pre class="example" id="org95787e4">
 total 17260
 drwxr-xr-x   2 rinri users    4096 Jan  8 10:47 .
 drwx--x---+ 74 rinri users    4096 Feb  2 16:31 ..
 -rw-r--r--   1 rinri users 6556637 Jan  8 10:47 Andrew S. Tanenbaum - Modern Operating Systems.pdf
 lrwxrwxrwx   1 rinri users      38 Aug  3  2022 cormen-algos.pdf -&gt; /home/rinri/data/docs/cormen-algos.pdf
 lrwxrwxrwx   1 rinri users      93 Aug  3  2022 genki -&gt; /home/rinri/data/docs/Banno E., Ikeda Y., Ohno Y., Shinagawa Ch., Tokashiki K. - Genki - 2020
 -rw-r--r--   1 rinri users  213363 Jan  8 10:47 ipfs-p2p-file-system.pdf
 -rwxr-xr-x   1 rinri users      66 Aug  3  2022 library.sh
 -rw-r--r--   1 rinri users 2658531 Jan  8 10:47 Stroustrup B. - A Tour of C++ - Second Edition - 2018.pdf
 -rw-r--r--   1 rinri users 8220353 Jan  8 10:47 TRENCH_FREE_DIFFEQ_I.PDF
 </pre>

 <p>
 Code:
 </p>
 <div class="org-src-container">
 <pre class="src src-bash"><span style="color: #c792ea;">cat</span> /etc/shells
 </pre>
 </div>

 <pre class="example">
 # Pathnames of valid login shells.
 # See shells(5) for details.

 /bin/sh
 /bin/bash
 /bin/zsh
 /usr/bin/zsh
 /usr/bin/git-shell
 /bin/dash
 </pre>


 <p>
 Code:
 </p>
 <div class="org-src-container">
 <pre class="src src-bash"><span style="color: #c792ea;">echo</span> <span style="color: #c3e88d;">"</span><span style="color: #f78c6c;">$</span><span style="color: #ffcb6b;">SHELL</span><span style="color: #c3e88d;">"</span>
 </pre>
 </div>

 <pre class="example">
 /bin/zsh
 </pre>
 </div>
 </div>

 <div id="outline-container-orge29640a" class="outline-2">
 <h2 id="orge29640a"><span class="section-number-2">3.</span> Questions</h2>
 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-3">
 </div>
 <div id="outline-container-orge1aa2bd" class="outline-3">
 <h3 id="orge1aa2bd"><span class="section-number-3">3.1.</span> Using hostname command:</h3>
 <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-3-1">
 <p>
 Code:
 </p>
 <div class="org-src-container">
 <pre class="src src-bash">hostname
 </pre>
 </div>

 <pre class="example">
 akemi
 </pre>
 </div>
 </div>

 <div id="outline-container-orgfd20bdc" class="outline-3">
 <h3 id="orgfd20bdc"><span class="section-number-3">3.2.</span> Arch Linux.</h3>
 <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-3-2">
 <p>
 It&rsquo;s a rolling-release distribution. That&rsquo;s why there is no &ldquo;version&rdquo;. I&rsquo;ve been using it for several years. Used lsb_release -a command to check the info.
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>

 <div id="outline-container-orge186e45" class="outline-3">
 <h3 id="orge186e45"><span class="section-number-3">3.3.</span> The root directory is &ldquo;/&rdquo;</h3>
 </div>

 <div id="outline-container-orgc55cfc1" class="outline-3">
 <h3 id="orgc55cfc1"><span class="section-number-3">3.4.</span> /bin/bash vs /bin/sh</h3>
 <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-3-4">
 <p>
 /bin/bash is a path to the bash shell. Whereas /bin/sh, on most of the systems, is a symbolic link to a POSIX-compliant shell. In many cases, it&rsquo;s linked to bash. On my machine, it&rsquo;s dash (it&rsquo;s usually faster if the script is POSIX-compliant)
 </p>

 <p>
 Code:
 </p>
 <div class="org-src-container">
 <pre class="src src-bash"><span style="color: #c792ea;">ls</span> -l /bin/sh
 </pre>
 </div>

 <pre class="example">
 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4 Jul  3  2022 /bin/sh -&gt; dash
 </pre>
 </div>
 </div>

 <div id="outline-container-org78ddece" class="outline-3">
 <h3 id="org78ddece"><span class="section-number-3">3.5.</span> Bash manual</h3>
 <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-3-5">
 <ol class="org-ol">
 <li>&#x2013;verbose - When verbose mode is used, bash doesn&rsquo;t hide extra information (prints it), including all the steps done of a script, bashrc commands, and other info.</li>
 <li>&#x2013;help - shows help message</li>
 <li>&#x2013;rcfile file - use &ldquo;file&rdquo; as a initialization file instead of ~/.bashrc</li>
 </ol>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="outline-container-org65d1d72" class="outline-3">
 <h3 id="org65d1d72"><span class="section-number-3">3.6.</span> Linux distributions I want to try</h3>
 <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-3-6">
 </div>
 <div id="outline-container-orgf7d803e" class="outline-4">
 <h4 id="orgf7d803e"><span class="section-number-4">3.6.1.</span> NixOS</h4>
 <div class="outline-text-4" id="text-3-6-1">
 <p>
 NixOS uses a unique package manager called nix that solves many problems of common package managers (e.g. apt), including dependency hell.
 Apart from the package manager, NixOS has single configuration file for the entire system.
 Moreover, NixOS saves different &ldquo;states&rdquo; of the OS, and a user can rollback, for example, to the yesterday&rsquo;s state of the OS if something breaks.
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="outline-container-org2fdefff" class="outline-4">
 <h4 id="org2fdefff"><span class="section-number-4">3.6.2.</span> Gentoo Linux</h4>
 <div class="outline-text-4" id="text-3-6-2">
 <p>
 Gentoo Linux also uses a unique package manager called Portage.
 To install software on Gentoo, Portage builds most of the packages from source and allows user to optimize the software for their own needs.
 Gentoo also allows to use OpenRC as an init system instead of systemd. Even though OpenRC doesn&rsquo;t have many features of systemd, it&rsquo;s significantly lighter and simpler than systemd.
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="outline-container-org9c9b380" class="outline-4">
 <h4 id="org9c9b380"><span class="section-number-4">3.6.3.</span> Artix Linux</h4>
 <div class="outline-text-4" id="text-3-6-3">
 <p>
 Artix Linux is essentially Arch Linux, but it gives several options for the init system, including OpenRC, runit, s6, and others.
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="outline-container-org1bf8e90" class="outline-4">
 <h4 id="org1bf8e90"><span class="section-number-4">3.6.4.</span> LFS</h4>
 <div class="outline-text-4" id="text-3-6-4">
 <p>
 LFS allows a user to build their own Linux distribution. I think it allows a user to learn many things about Linux.
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="outline-container-org896f88e" class="outline-4">
 <h4 id="org896f88e"><span class="section-number-4">3.6.5.</span> Alpine Linux</h4>
 <div class="outline-text-4" id="text-3-6-5">
 <p>
 Alpine Linux is a lightweight Linux distribution, since it uses musl libc instead of glibc and busybox instead of GNU coreutils. It&rsquo;s widely used in Docker Images, thus it&rsquo;s useful to learn Alpine Linux.
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="outline-container-orgc4925a6" class="outline-3">
 <h3 id="orgc4925a6"><span class="section-number-3">3.7.</span> POSIX</h3>
 <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-3-7">
 <p>
 POSIX is a family of standards created to maintain compatibility between operating systems.
 For example, POSIX-compliant shell I mentioned earlier, is a shell that does things as mentioned in the POSIX standard for shells.
 If a script is POSIX-compliant, any POSIX-compliant shell can run it without issues and the script usually starts with #!/bin/sh
 Some of the information is taken from Wikipedia.
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="outline-container-org520649a" class="outline-3">
 <h3 id="org520649a"><span class="section-number-3">3.8.</span> Advantages of POSIX standards</h3>
 <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-3-8">
 <p>
 If a program is written with POSIX in mind, then it should work on other POSIX OSes too. Thus the portability increases.
 Since POSIX standards are public, everyone can create programs that can work and communicate with other POSIX-compliant programs.
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="outline-container-org7b5efac" class="outline-3">
 <h3 id="org7b5efac"><span class="section-number-3">3.9.</span> Slackware vs Debian</h3>
 <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-3-9">
 <p>
 Both distributions are old (29 years old), but both are still maintained.
 </p>

 <p>
 Slackware tries to be stable and simple, thus makes as few changes to the software as possible. It uses pkgtool package management system.
 There are not that many packages available in Slackware, but users can use third-party repositories to install software or update the system.
 Slackware has a small team of developers, whereas Debian is an popular distribution, that has many maintainers.
 </p>

 <p>
 Debian stable is widely used on servers, thanks to its stability and long-term support, while Debian unstable (rolling-release) and testing are used on PCs.
 Debian uses apt (with dpkg) package management system. There are many Linux distributions based on Debian, e.g. Ubuntu, MX linux, etc.
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="outline-container-org12183b1" class="outline-3">
 <h3 id="org12183b1"><span class="section-number-3">3.10.</span> uname -a</h3>
 <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-3-10">
 <p>
 Code:
 </p>
 <div class="org-src-container">
 <pre class="src src-bash">uname -a
 </pre>
 </div>

 <pre class="example">
 Linux akemi 6.1.8-arch1-1 #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Tue, 24 Jan 2023 21:07:04 +0000 x86_64 GNU/Linux
 </pre>


 <ol class="org-ol">
 <li>Kernel name:
 Linux</li>
 <li>Hostname:
 akemi</li>
 <li>Kernel release version and kernel version:
 6.1.8-arch1-1 #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Tue, 24 Jan 2023 21:07:04 +0000</li>
 <li>Hardware platform name:
 x86_64</li>
 <li>Operating system name:
 GNU/Linux</li>
 </ol>
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="postamble" class="status">
 <p class="author">Author: Amirlan Sharipov (BS21-CS-01)</p>
 <p class="date">Created: 2023-02-02 Thu 16:34</p>
 </div>
 </body>
 </html>
--- a/week1/lab1-solution.org
+++ b/week1/lab1-solution.org
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
 #+title: Lab 1
 #+title: Amirlan Sharipov (BS21-CS-01)
 #+author: Amirlan Sharipov (BS21-CS-01)
 #+PROPERTY: header-args :results verbatim :exports both
 #+OPTIONS: ^:nil

 * About this document
 I use Org mode in Emacs to write documents and will use it throughout the course.
 It has a super useful feature: it can evaluate the code on the fly and save results in the buffer.
 Also it's easy to use latex inside Org mode. That's why I will use Org mode for this course.
 If there are any problems with that, please report in the comments in Moodle.

 * Exercise 1
 Code:
 #+begin_src bash
 lsb_release -a
 #+end_src

 #+RESULTS:
 : -e LSB Version:	n/a
 : -e Distributor ID:	Arch
 : -e Description:	Arch Linux
 : -e Release:	rolling
 : -e Codename:	n/a

 Code:
 #+begin_src bash
 whoami
 #+end_src

 #+RESULTS:
 : rinri

 Code:
 #+begin_src bash
 users
 #+end_src

 #+RESULTS:
 : rinri

 Code:
 #+begin_src bash
 pwd
 #+end_src

 #+RESULTS:
 : /home/rinri/edu/sna

 Code:
 #+begin_src bash
 ls -la
 #+end_src

 #+RESULTS:
 : total 224
 : drwxr-xr-x  2 rinri users   4096 Feb  2 15:47 .
 : drwxr-xr-x 25 rinri users   4096 Feb  2 14:13 ..
 : -rw-r--r--  1 rinri users  19950 Feb  2 15:50 lab1.html
 : -rw-r--r--  1 rinri users   6407 Feb  2 15:51 lab1.org
 : -rw-r--r--  1 rinri users 190030 Feb  2 15:45 lab1.pdf

 Code:
 #+begin_src bash
 cd ~/library
 ls -la
 #+end_src

 #+RESULTS:
 #+begin_example
 total 17260
 drwxr-xr-x   2 rinri users    4096 Jan  8 10:47 .
 drwx--x---+ 74 rinri users    4096 Feb  2 16:07 ..
 -rw-r--r--   1 rinri users 6556637 Jan  8 10:47 Andrew S. Tanenbaum - Modern Operating Systems.pdf
 lrwxrwxrwx   1 rinri users      38 Aug  3  2022 cormen-algos.pdf -> /home/rinri/data/docs/cormen-algos.pdf
 lrwxrwxrwx   1 rinri users      93 Aug  3  2022 genki -> /home/rinri/data/docs/Banno E., Ikeda Y., Ohno Y., Shinagawa Ch., Tokashiki K. - Genki - 2020
 -rw-r--r--   1 rinri users  213363 Jan  8 10:47 ipfs-p2p-file-system.pdf
 -rwxr-xr-x   1 rinri users      66 Aug  3  2022 library.sh
 -rw-r--r--   1 rinri users 2658531 Jan  8 10:47 Stroustrup B. - A Tour of C++ - Second Edition - 2018.pdf
 -rw-r--r--   1 rinri users 8220353 Jan  8 10:47 TRENCH_FREE_DIFFEQ_I.PDF
 #+end_example

 Code:
 #+begin_src bash
 cat /etc/shells
 #+end_src

 #+RESULTS:
 : # Pathnames of valid login shells.
 : # See shells(5) for details.
 :
 : /bin/sh
 : /bin/bash
 : /bin/zsh
 : /usr/bin/zsh
 : /usr/bin/git-shell
 : /bin/dash

 Code:
 #+begin_src bash
 echo "$SHELL"
 #+end_src

 #+RESULTS:
 : /bin/zsh

 * Questions
 ** Using hostname command:
 Code:
 #+begin_src bash
 hostname
 #+end_src

 #+RESULTS:
 : akemi

 ** Arch Linux.
 It's a rolling-release distribution. That's why there is no "version". I've been using it for several years. Used lsb_release -a command to check the info.

 ** The root directory is "/"

 ** /bin/bash vs /bin/sh
 /bin/bash is a path to the bash shell. Whereas /bin/sh, on most of the systems, is a symbolic link to a POSIX-compliant shell. In many cases, it's linked to bash. On my machine, it's dash (it's usually faster if the script is POSIX-compliant)

 Code:
 #+begin_src bash
 ls -l /bin/sh
 #+end_src

 #+RESULTS:
 : lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4 Jul  3  2022 /bin/sh -> dash

 ** Bash manual
 a. --verbose - When verbose mode is used, bash doesn't hide extra information (prints it), including all the steps done of a script, bashrc commands, and other info.
 b. --help - shows help message
 c. --rcfile file - use "file" as a initialization file instead of ~/.bashrc
 ** Linux distributions I want to try
 *** NixOS
 NixOS uses a unique package manager called nix that solves many problems of common package managers (e.g. apt), including dependency hell.
 Apart from the package manager, NixOS has single configuration file for the entire system.
 Moreover, NixOS saves different "states" of the OS, and a user can rollback, for example, to the yesterday's state of the OS if something breaks.
 *** Gentoo Linux
 Gentoo Linux also uses a unique package manager called Portage.
 To install software on Gentoo, Portage builds most of the packages from source and allows user to optimize the software for their own needs.
 Gentoo also allows to use OpenRC as an init system instead of systemd. Even though OpenRC doesn't have many features of systemd, it's significantly lighter and simpler than systemd.
 *** Artix Linux
 Artix Linux is essentially Arch Linux, but it gives several options for the init system, including OpenRC, runit, s6, and others.
 *** LFS
 LFS allows a user to build their own Linux distribution. I think it allows a user to learn many things about Linux.
 *** Alpine Linux
 Alpine Linux is a lightweight Linux distribution, since it uses musl libc instead of glibc and busybox instead of GNU coreutils. It's widely used in Docker Images, thus it's useful to learn Alpine Linux.
 ** POSIX
 POSIX is a family of standards created to maintain compatibility between operating systems.
 For example, POSIX-compliant shell I mentioned earlier, is a shell that does things as mentioned in the POSIX standard for shells.
 If a script is POSIX-compliant, any POSIX-compliant shell can run it without issues and the script usually starts with #!/bin/sh
 Some of the information is taken from Wikipedia.
 ** Advantages of POSIX standards
 If a program is written with POSIX in mind, then it should work on other POSIX OSes too. Thus the portability increases.
 Since POSIX standards are public, everyone can create programs that can work and communicate with other POSIX-compliant programs.
 ** Slackware vs Debian
 Both distributions are old (29 years old), but both are still maintained.

 Slackware tries to be stable and simple, thus makes as few changes to the software as possible. It uses pkgtool package management system.
 There are not that many packages available in Slackware, but users can use third-party repositories to install software or update the system.
 Slackware has a small team of developers, whereas Debian is an popular distribution, that has many maintainers.

 Debian stable is widely used on servers, thanks to its stability and long-term support, while Debian unstable (rolling-release) and testing are used on PCs.
 Debian uses apt (with dpkg) package management system. There are many Linux distributions based on Debian, e.g. Ubuntu, MX linux, etc.
 ** uname -a
 Code:
 #+begin_src bash
 uname -a
 #+end_src

 #+RESULTS:
 : Linux akemi 6.1.8-arch1-1 #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Tue, 24 Jan 2023 21:07:04 +0000 x86_64 GNU/Linux

 1. Kernel name:
   Linux
 2. Hostname:
   akemi
 3. Kernel release version and kernel version:
   6.1.8-arch1-1 #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Tue, 24 Jan 2023 21:07:04 +0000
 4. Hardware platform name:
   x86_64
 5. Operating system name:
   GNU/Linux
--- a/week1/lab1.html
+++ b/week1/lab1.html
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+++ b/week10/lab10-solution.html
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 <body>
 <div id="content" class="content">
 <h1 class="title">Lab9 Solution Amirlan Sharipov (BS21-CS-01)</h1>
 <div id="table-of-contents" role="doc-toc">
 <h2>Table of Contents</h2>
 <div id="text-table-of-contents" role="doc-toc">
 <ul>
 <li><a href="#org0dd7aad">1. Question 1</a></li>
 <li><a href="#org3526c7a">2. Question 2</a></li>
 <li><a href="#orgac5e4b2">3. Question 3</a></li>
 <li><a href="#orgf20b9b2">4. Question 4</a></li>
 <li><a href="#org215ffc5">5. Question 5</a></li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 </div>

 <div id="outline-container-org0dd7aad" class="outline-2">
 <h2 id="org0dd7aad"><span class="section-number-2">1.</span> Question 1</h2>
 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-1">
 <p>
 I would use rsyslog and journald. Forward them to ELK stack and use it as a SIEM.
 There are many people people familiar with the ELK stack, and it&rsquo;s easy to scale it.
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>

 <div id="outline-container-org3526c7a" class="outline-2">
 <h2 id="org3526c7a"><span class="section-number-2">2.</span> Question 2</h2>
 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-2">
 <p>
 &gt; sudo cat  /etc/rsyslog.d/auth-errors.conf
 auth.alert,authpriv.alert       /var/log/auth-errors
 </p>

 <p>
 <a href="./rsyslogpriority.jpg">rsyslogpriority
 </a>
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>

 <div id="outline-container-orgac5e4b2" class="outline-2">
 <h2 id="orgac5e4b2"><span class="section-number-2">3.</span> Question 3</h2>
 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-3">
 <div class="org-src-container">
 <pre class="src src-bash"><span style="color: #c792ea;">cat</span> /etc/logrotate.d/httpd
 </pre>
 </div>

 <pre class="example">
 /var/log/httpd/*log {
   rotate 10
   compress
   missingok
   sharedscripts
   postrotate
      /usr/bin/systemctl reload httpd.service 2&gt;/dev/null || true
   endscript
 }
 </pre>


 <p>
 &rsquo;* */6 * * * logrotate /etc/logrotate.d/httpd
 </p>

 <p>
 <a href="./logrotate.jpg">logrotate
 </a>
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>

 <div id="outline-container-orgf20b9b2" class="outline-2">
 <h2 id="orgf20b9b2"><span class="section-number-2">4.</span> Question 4</h2>
 </div>


 <div id="outline-container-org215ffc5" class="outline-2">
 <h2 id="org215ffc5"><span class="section-number-2">5.</span> Question 5</h2>
 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-5">
 <p>
 in /etc/bashrc:
 </p>

 <p>
 export PROMPT_COMMAND=&rsquo;RETRN_VAL=\(?;logger -p local6.debug "\)(whoami) [$$]: $(history 1 | sed &ldquo;s/^[ ]*[0-9]\+[ ]*//&rdquo; )&ldquo;&rsquo;
 </p>

 <p>
 in /etc/rsyslog.d/bash.conf
 local6.*    /var/log/commands.log
 </p>

 <p>
 Taken from <a href="https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/664581/how-do-i-log-all-commands-executed-by-all-users">https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/664581/how-do-i-log-all-commands-executed-by-all-users</a>
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="postamble" class="status">
 <p class="author">Author: Amirlan Sharipov (BS21-CS-01)</p>
 <p class="date">Created: 2023-04-14 Fri 00:00</p>
 </div>
 </body>
 </html>
--- a/week10/lab10-solution.org
+++ b/week10/lab10-solution.org
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
 #+title: Lab9 Solution
 #+title: Amirlan Sharipov (BS21-CS-01)
 #+author: Amirlan Sharipov (BS21-CS-01)
 #+PROPERTY: header-args :results verbatim :exports both
 #+OPTIONS: ^:nil

 * Question 1
 I would use rsyslog and journald. Forward them to ELK stack and use it as a SIEM.
 There are many people people familiar with the ELK stack, and it's easy to scale it.

 * Question 2
 > sudo cat  /etc/rsyslog.d/auth-errors.conf
 auth.alert,authpriv.alert       /var/log/auth-errors

 [[./rsyslogpriority.jpg][rsyslogpriority
 ]]

 * Question 3
 #+begin_src bash
 cat /etc/logrotate.d/httpd
 #+end_src

 #+RESULTS:
 : /var/log/httpd/*log {
 :    rotate 10
 :    compress
 :    missingok
 :    sharedscripts
 :    postrotate
 :       /usr/bin/systemctl reload httpd.service 2>/dev/null || true
 :    endscript
 : }

 '* */6 * * * logrotate /etc/logrotate.d/httpd

 [[./logrotate.jpg][logrotate
 ]]

 * Question 4


 * Question 5
 in /etc/bashrc:

 export PROMPT_COMMAND='RETRN_VAL=$?;logger -p local6.debug "$(whoami) [$$]: $(history 1 | sed "s/^[ ]*[0-9]\+[ ]*//" )"'

 in /etc/rsyslog.d/bash.conf
 local6.*    /var/log/commands.log

 Taken from https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/664581/how-do-i-log-all-commands-executed-by-all-users
--- a/week10/lab10.html
+++ b/week10/lab10.html
--- a/week10/logrotate.jpg
+++ b/week10/logrotate.jpg
--- a/week10/rsyslogpriority.jpg
+++ b/week10/rsyslogpriority.jpg
--- a/week11/container-cp.jpg
+++ b/week11/container-cp.jpg
--- a/week11/container-ls-1.jpg
+++ b/week11/container-ls-1.jpg
--- a/week11/container-ls-2.jpg
+++ b/week11/container-ls-2.jpg
--- a/week11/index.html
+++ b/week11/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
 HELLO
--- a/week11/lab11-solution.html
+++ b/week11/lab11-solution.html
@@ -0,0 +1,407 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
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 <head>
 <!-- 2023-04-20 Thu 22:23 -->
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 <div id="content" class="content">
 <h1 class="title">Lab 11 Solution Amirlan Sharipov (BS21-CS-01)</h1>
 <div id="table-of-contents" role="doc-toc">
 <h2>Table of Contents</h2>
 <div id="text-table-of-contents" role="doc-toc">
 <ul>
 <li><a href="#orgb5383c0">1. Question 1</a></li>
 <li><a href="#org68c7989">2. Question 2</a>
 <ul>
 <li><a href="#orga0d213f">2.1. Choose a host OS that provides maximum container isolation. (hardened host OS)</a></li>
 <li><a href="#org68baa0a">2.2. Use network namespaces</a></li>
 <li><a href="#org5ffdd26">2.3. Use kubernetes to manage access right</a></li>
 <li><a href="#org7a83b2b">2.4. Monitor the logs using SIEM tools</a></li>
 <li><a href="#orgc61de8d">2.5. Don&rsquo;t use outdated images</a></li>
 </ul>
 </li>
 <li><a href="#orgf0252b1">3. Question 3</a></li>
 <li><a href="#orgad34306">4. Question 4</a></li>
 <li><a href="#org10585ce">5. Question 5</a></li>
 <li><a href="#org2339204">6. Question 6</a></li>
 <li><a href="#org5da35ee">7. Question 8</a></li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 </div>

 <div id="outline-container-orgb5383c0" class="outline-2">
 <h2 id="orgb5383c0"><span class="section-number-2">1.</span> Question 1</h2>
 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-1">
 <p>
 Source: <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/21553353/what-is-the-difference-between-cmd-and-entrypoint-in-a-dockerfile">https://stackoverflow.com/questions/21553353/what-is-the-difference-between-cmd-and-entrypoint-in-a-dockerfile</a>
 Usually, the entrypoint is /bin/sh -c CMD. So this command gets executed when the container is run.
 It&rsquo;s a standard practice to customize CMD, though. If you want to use other shell for executing commands, it may be useful to customize the entrypoint.
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>

 <div id="outline-container-org68c7989" class="outline-2">
 <h2 id="org68c7989"><span class="section-number-2">2.</span> Question 2</h2>
 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-2">
 <p>
 Source: <a href="https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/security/container-security">https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/security/container-security</a>
 </p>
 </div>
 <div id="outline-container-orga0d213f" class="outline-3">
 <h3 id="orga0d213f"><span class="section-number-3">2.1.</span> Choose a host OS that provides maximum container isolation. (hardened host OS)</h3>
 </div>
 <div id="outline-container-org68baa0a" class="outline-3">
 <h3 id="org68baa0a"><span class="section-number-3">2.2.</span> Use network namespaces</h3>
 </div>
 <div id="outline-container-org5ffdd26" class="outline-3">
 <h3 id="org5ffdd26"><span class="section-number-3">2.3.</span> Use kubernetes to manage access right</h3>
 </div>
 <div id="outline-container-org7a83b2b" class="outline-3">
 <h3 id="org7a83b2b"><span class="section-number-3">2.4.</span> Monitor the logs using SIEM tools</h3>
 </div>
 <div id="outline-container-orgc61de8d" class="outline-3">
 <h3 id="orgc61de8d"><span class="section-number-3">2.5.</span> Don&rsquo;t use outdated images</h3>
 </div>
 </div>

 <div id="outline-container-orgf0252b1" class="outline-2">
 <h2 id="orgf0252b1"><span class="section-number-2">3.</span> Question 3</h2>
 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-3">
 <p>
 <img src="./container-ls-1.jpg" alt="container-ls-1.jpg" />
 <img src="./container-ls-2.jpg" alt="container-ls-2.jpg" />
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="outline-container-orgad34306" class="outline-2">
 <h2 id="orgad34306"><span class="section-number-2">4.</span> Question 4</h2>
 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-4">
 <p>
 Source: <a href="https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/cp/">https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/cp/</a>
 docker cp [OPTIONS] CONTAINER:SRC_PATH DEST_PATH|-
 </p>

 <p>
 Example:
 </p>
 <div class="org-src-container">
 <pre class="src src-bash"><span style="color: #c792ea;">cat</span> ~/nginx.sh
 </pre>
 </div>

 <pre class="example" id="orgb1f78fc">
 #!/bin/bash

 docker run \
    -v /etc/ssl/certs/monica.crt:/etc/ssl/certs/monica.crt \
    -v /etc/ssl/private/monica.key:/etc/ssl/private/monica.key \
    -v /home/rinri/.config/nginx:/etc/nginx/conf.d \
    -v /home/rinri/edu/sna/:/var/www \
    -p 80:80 -p 443:443 -p 5000:5000 \
    --restart unless-stopped \
    -d nginx

 </pre>

 <p>
 After running nginx.sh:
 <img src="./container-cp.jpg" alt="container-cp.jpg" />
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>

 <div id="outline-container-org10585ce" class="outline-2">
 <h2 id="org10585ce"><span class="section-number-2">5.</span> Question 5</h2>
 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-5">
 <div class="org-src-container">
 <pre class="src src-bash"><span style="color: #c792ea;">echo</span> <span style="color: #c3e88d;">"Run Nginx container:"</span>
 <span style="color: #c792ea;">cat</span> ~/nginx.sh
 <span style="color: #c792ea;">echo</span> <span style="color: #c3e88d;">"Config file:"</span>
 <span style="color: #c792ea;">cat</span> ~/.config/nginx/test.conf
 </pre>
 </div>

 <pre class="example" id="org01c388f">
 Run Nginx container:
 #!/bin/bash

 docker run \
    -v /etc/ssl/certs/monica.crt:/etc/ssl/certs/monica.crt \
    -v /etc/ssl/private/monica.key:/etc/ssl/private/monica.key \
    -v /home/rinri/.config/nginx:/etc/nginx/conf.d \
    -v /home/rinri/edu/sna/:/var/www \
    -p 80:80 -p 443:443 -p 5000:5000 \
    --restart unless-stopped \
    -d nginx

 Config file:
 server {
    listen 5000;
    listen [::]:5000;
    root /var/www;
    index index.html index.htm;

    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
    }
 }

 server {
    listen 80;
    listen [::]:80;

    server_name monica.local;

    return 302 https://$server_name$request_uri;
 }

 server {
    listen 443;
    listen [::]:443;

    include conf.d/snippets/self-signed.conf;

    server_name monica.local;

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://172.17.0.4;
        proxy_set_header Host monica.local;
    }
 }
 </pre>
 </div>
 </div>

 <div id="outline-container-org2339204" class="outline-2">
 <h2 id="org2339204"><span class="section-number-2">6.</span> Question 6</h2>
 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-6">
 <p>
 In /etc/rsyslog.conf:
 $ModLoad imtcp.so
 $InputTCPServerRun 514
 </p>

 <p>
 Command:
 docker run -it &#x2013;log-driver syslog &#x2013;log-opt syslog-address=tcp://172.17.0.1:514 alpine ash
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>

 <div id="outline-container-org5da35ee" class="outline-2">
 <h2 id="org5da35ee"><span class="section-number-2">7.</span> Question 8</h2>
 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-7">
 <p>
 FROM alpine
 RUN apk add &#x2013;update &#x2013;no-cache python3 &amp;&amp; ln -sf python3 /usr/bin/python
 RUN python3 -m ensurepip
 RUN pip3 install &#x2013;no-cache &#x2013;upgrade pip setuptools
 RUN touch index.html
 RUN echo &ldquo;&lt;html&gt;&lt;h1&gt;Testing web&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;/html&gt;&rdquo; &gt;&gt; index.html
 CMD [&ldquo;python&rdquo;, &ldquo;-m&rdquo;, &ldquo;http.server&rdquo;]
 </p>

 <p>
 changed apt to apk.
 source: <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/62554991/how-do-i-install-python-on-alpine-linux">https://stackoverflow.com/questions/62554991/how-do-i-install-python-on-alpine-linux</a>
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="postamble" class="status">
 <p class="author">Author: Amirlan Sharipov (BS21-CS-01)</p>
 <p class="date">Created: 2023-04-20 Thu 22:23</p>
 </div>
 </body>
 </html>
--- a/week11/lab11-solution.org
+++ b/week11/lab11-solution.org
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
 #+title: Lab 11 Solution
 #+title: Amirlan Sharipov (BS21-CS-01)
 #+author: Amirlan Sharipov (BS21-CS-01)
 #+PROPERTY: header-args :results verbatim :exports both
 #+OPTIONS: ^:nil

 * Question 1
 Source: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/21553353/what-is-the-difference-between-cmd-and-entrypoint-in-a-dockerfile
 Usually, the entrypoint is /bin/sh -c CMD. So this command gets executed when the container is run.
 It's a standard practice to customize CMD, though. If you want to use other shell for executing commands, it may be useful to customize the entrypoint.

 * Question 2
 Source: https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/security/container-security
 ** Choose a host OS that provides maximum container isolation. (hardened host OS)
 ** Use network namespaces
 ** Use kubernetes to manage access right
 ** Monitor the logs using SIEM tools
 ** Don't use outdated images

 * Question 3
 [[./container-ls-1.jpg]]
 [[./container-ls-2.jpg]]
 * Question 4
 Source: https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/cp/
 docker cp [OPTIONS] CONTAINER:SRC_PATH DEST_PATH|-

 Example:
 #+begin_src bash
 cat ~/nginx.sh
 #+end_src

 #+RESULTS:
 #+begin_example
 #!/bin/bash

 docker run \
    -v /etc/ssl/certs/monica.crt:/etc/ssl/certs/monica.crt \
    -v /etc/ssl/private/monica.key:/etc/ssl/private/monica.key \
    -v /home/rinri/.config/nginx:/etc/nginx/conf.d \
    -p 80:80 -p 443:443 \
    --restart unless-stopped \
    -d nginx

 #+end_example

 After running nginx.sh:
 [[./container-cp.jpg]]

 * Question 5
 #+begin_src bash
 echo "Run Nginx container:"
 cat ~/nginx.sh
 echo "Config file:"
 cat ~/.config/nginx/test.conf
 #+end_src

 #+RESULTS:
 #+begin_example
 Run Nginx container:
 #!/bin/bash

 docker run \
    -v /etc/ssl/certs/monica.crt:/etc/ssl/certs/monica.crt \
    -v /etc/ssl/private/monica.key:/etc/ssl/private/monica.key \
    -v /home/rinri/.config/nginx:/etc/nginx/conf.d \
    -v /home/rinri/edu/sna/:/var/www \
    -p 80:80 -p 443:443 -p 5000:5000 \
    --restart unless-stopped \
    -d nginx

 Config file:
 server {
    listen 5000;
    listen [::]:5000;
    root /var/www;
    index index.html index.htm;

    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
    }
 }

 server {
    listen 80;
    listen [::]:80;

    server_name monica.local;

    return 302 https://$server_name$request_uri;
 }

 server {
    listen 443;
    listen [::]:443;

    include conf.d/snippets/self-signed.conf;

    server_name monica.local;

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://172.17.0.4;
        proxy_set_header Host monica.local;
    }
 }
 #+end_example

 * Question 6
 In /etc/rsyslog.conf:
 $ModLoad imtcp.so
 $InputTCPServerRun 514

 Command:
 docker run -it --log-driver syslog --log-opt syslog-address=tcp://172.17.0.1:514 alpine ash

 * Question 8
 FROM alpine
 RUN apk add --update --no-cache python3 && ln -sf python3 /usr/bin/python
 RUN python3 -m ensurepip
 RUN pip3 install --no-cache --upgrade pip setuptools
 RUN touch index.html
 RUN echo "<html><h1>Testing web</h1></html>" >> index.html
 CMD ["python", "-m", "http.server"]

 changed apt to apk.
 source: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/62554991/how-do-i-install-python-on-alpine-linux
--- a/week11/lab11.html
+++ b/week11/lab11.html
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 </head>
 <body>
 <div id="content" class="content">
 <h1 class="title">Lab2 Solution Amirlan Sharipov (BS21-CS-01)</h1>
 <div id="table-of-contents" role="doc-toc">
 <h2>Table of Contents</h2>
 <div id="text-table-of-contents" role="doc-toc">
 <ul>
 <li><a href="#orgab91f72">1. Questions 1</a>
 <ul>
 <li><a href="#org5b80d60">1.1. What is fdisk utility used for?</a></li>
 <li><a href="#org0c664e2">1.2. Show the bootable device(s) on your machine, and identify which partition(s) are bootable.</a>
 <ul>
 <li><a href="#orged3ed3c">1.2.1. Output of fdisk -l:</a></li>
 <li><a href="#orga4fdfef">1.2.2. Answer</a></li>
 </ul>
 </li>
 <li><a href="#orgb7c19d5">1.3. What is logical block address?</a></li>
 <li><a href="#orgd76c04a">1.4. Why did we specify the count, the bs, and the skip options when using dd?</a></li>
 <li><a href="#org396d8fc">1.5. Why does a GPT formatted disk have the MBR?</a></li>
 <li><a href="#org47988d3">1.6. Name two differences between primary and logical partitions in an MBR partitioning scheme</a></li>
 </ul>
 </li>
 <li><a href="#orgd07cf30">2. Questions 2</a>
 <ul>
 <li><a href="#org7dd9497">2.1. Why is Shim used to load the GRUB bootloader?</a></li>
 <li><a href="#orgdf33504">2.2. Can you locate your grub configuration file? Show the path.</a></li>
 <li><a href="#orge9d54d1">2.3. According to the boot order, what is the third boot device on your computer? How did you check this?</a></li>
 </ul>
 </li>
 <li><a href="#orgdc23d89">3. Questions 3</a>
 <ul>
 <li><a href="#orgd513e26">3.1. How many inodes are in use on your system?</a></li>
 <li><a href="#orge9e0733">3.2. What is the filesystem type of the EFI partition?</a></li>
 <li><a href="#org8478339">3.3. What device is mounted at your root / directory? Show proof.</a></li>
 <li><a href="#org3c9680d">3.4. What is your partition UUID?</a></li>
 <li><a href="#org9f79854">3.5. Show at least two methods of viewing the UUID of a block device.</a></li>
 <li><a href="#org4b16e3f">3.6. What is the function of /dev/zero?</a></li>
 </ul>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 </div>

 <div id="outline-container-orgab91f72" class="outline-2">
 <h2 id="orgab91f72"><span class="section-number-2">1.</span> Questions 1</h2>
 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-1">
 </div>
 <div id="outline-container-org5b80d60" class="outline-3">
 <h3 id="org5b80d60"><span class="section-number-3">1.1.</span> What is fdisk utility used for?</h3>
 <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-1">
 <p>
 to manipulate disk partition table
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="outline-container-org0c664e2" class="outline-3">
 <h3 id="org0c664e2"><span class="section-number-3">1.2.</span> Show the bootable device(s) on your machine, and identify which partition(s) are bootable.</h3>
 <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-2">
 </div>
 <div id="outline-container-orged3ed3c" class="outline-4">
 <h4 id="orged3ed3c"><span class="section-number-4">1.2.1.</span> Output of fdisk -l:</h4>
 <div class="outline-text-4" id="text-1-2-1">
 <p>
 &#x2026;
 Device         Start       End   Sectors  Size Type
 /dev/sdb1       2048     34815     32768   16M Microsoft reserved
 /dev/sdb2      34816 524285951 524251136  250G Microsoft basic data
 /dev/sdb3  524285952 659988479 135702528 64.7G Linux filesystem
 /dev/sdb4  659988480 863920127 203931648 97.2G Linux filesystem
 /dev/sdb5  958291968 975173631  16881664    8G Linux swap
 /dev/sdb6  975173632 976773134   1599503  781M EFI System
 /dev/sdb7  863920128 956194815  92274688   44G Linux filesystem
 /dev/sdb8  956194816 958291967   2097152    1G EFI System
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="outline-container-orga4fdfef" class="outline-4">
 <h4 id="orga4fdfef"><span class="section-number-4">1.2.2.</span> Answer</h4>
 <div class="outline-text-4" id="text-1-2-2">
 <p>
 /dev/sdb6 and /dev/sdb8 are bootable partitions
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>

 <div id="outline-container-orgb7c19d5" class="outline-3">
 <h3 id="orgb7c19d5"><span class="section-number-3">1.3.</span> What is logical block address?</h3>
 <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-3">
 <p>
 is a scheme to index the locations of logical blocks of a device. Starts with LBA 0
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="outline-container-orgd76c04a" class="outline-3">
 <h3 id="orgd76c04a"><span class="section-number-3">1.4.</span> Why did we specify the count, the bs, and the skip options when using dd?</h3>
 <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-4">
 <p>
 Number of blocks, block size, and how many blocks to skip
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="outline-container-org396d8fc" class="outline-3">
 <h3 id="org396d8fc"><span class="section-number-3">1.5.</span> Why does a GPT formatted disk have the MBR?</h3>
 <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-5">
 <p>
 To maintain compatibility and protect GPT disk and from MBR-based disk utilities.
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="outline-container-org47988d3" class="outline-3">
 <h3 id="org47988d3"><span class="section-number-3">1.6.</span> Name two differences between primary and logical partitions in an MBR partitioning scheme</h3>
 <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-6">
 <p>
 There can be only 4 primary partitions in MBR disk, while there can be many logical ones on top of an extended partition. Some operating systems cannot boot from a logical partition.
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>


 <div id="outline-container-orgd07cf30" class="outline-2">
 <h2 id="orgd07cf30"><span class="section-number-2">2.</span> Questions 2</h2>
 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-2">
 </div>
 <div id="outline-container-org7dd9497" class="outline-3">
 <h3 id="org7dd9497"><span class="section-number-3">2.1.</span> Why is Shim used to load the GRUB bootloader?</h3>
 <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-2-1">
 <p>
 To make Secure Boot mechanism work.
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="outline-container-orgdf33504" class="outline-3">
 <h3 id="orgdf33504"><span class="section-number-3">2.2.</span> Can you locate your grub configuration file? Show the path.</h3>
 <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-2-2">
 <p>
 /boot/grub/grub.cfg
 Also, there is /etc/default/grub which can be used to generate a grub config using grub-mkconfig
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="outline-container-orge9d54d1" class="outline-3">
 <h3 id="orge9d54d1"><span class="section-number-3">2.3.</span> According to the boot order, what is the third boot device on your computer? How did you check this?</h3>
 <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-2-3">
 <p>
 BootCurrent: 0003
 Timeout: 0 seconds
 BootOrder: 0003,0004,0009,0001,0002,0000,2001,0006,0005,2002,2003
 &#x2026;
 Boot0009* Artix HD(10,GPT,&#x2026;
 It&rsquo;s Artix on my hard drive, accoding to efibootmgr -v
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>

 <div id="outline-container-orgdc23d89" class="outline-2">
 <h2 id="orgdc23d89"><span class="section-number-2">3.</span> Questions 3</h2>
 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-3">
 </div>
 <div id="outline-container-orgd513e26" class="outline-3">
 <h3 id="orgd513e26"><span class="section-number-3">3.1.</span> How many inodes are in use on your system?</h3>
 <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-3-1">
 <div class="org-src-container">
 <pre class="src src-bash">df --output=source,iused
 </pre>
 </div>

 <pre class="example" id="org1e237a1">
 Filesystem      IUsed
 dev               717
 run              1314
 /dev/sdb3      720461
 tmpfs               1
 tmpfs              26
 /dev/sdb4      677813
 /dev/sdb6           0
 tmpfs              71
 /dev/sda9       16193
 /dev/sda8       33171
 </pre>
 </div>
 </div>

 <div id="outline-container-orge9e0733" class="outline-3">
 <h3 id="orge9e0733"><span class="section-number-3">3.2.</span> What is the filesystem type of the EFI partition?</h3>
 <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-3-2">
 <p>
 FAT32
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="outline-container-org8478339" class="outline-3">
 <h3 id="org8478339"><span class="section-number-3">3.3.</span> What device is mounted at your root / directory? Show proof.</h3>
 <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-3-3">
 <div class="org-src-container">
 <pre class="src src-bash">lsblk
 </pre>
 </div>

 <pre class="example" id="org1ee58fc">
 NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
 sda      8:0    0 931.5G  0 disk 
 ├─sda1   8:1    0   499M  0 part 
 ├─sda2   8:2    0   100M  0 part 
 ├─sda3   8:3    0    16M  0 part 
 ├─sda4   8:4    0  42.4G  0 part 
 ├─sda5   8:5    0  38.8G  0 part 
 ├─sda6   8:6    0   100M  0 part 
 ├─sda7   8:7    0   3.1G  0 part 
 ├─sda8   8:8    0   315G  0 part /mnt/rec
 └─sda9   8:9    0 531.5G  0 part /mnt/data
 sdb      8:16   0 465.8G  0 disk 
 ├─sdb1   8:17   0    16M  0 part 
 ├─sdb2   8:18   0   250G  0 part 
 ├─sdb3   8:19   0  64.7G  0 part /
 ├─sdb4   8:20   0  97.2G  0 part /home
 ├─sdb5   8:21   0     8G  0 part [SWAP]
 ├─sdb6   8:22   0   781M  0 part /boot
 ├─sdb7   8:23   0    44G  0 part 
 └─sdb8   8:24   0     1G  0 part 
 </pre>
 <p>
 /dev/sdb3
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>

 <div id="outline-container-org3c9680d" class="outline-3">
 <h3 id="org3c9680d"><span class="section-number-3">3.4.</span> What is your partition UUID?</h3>
 <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-3-4">
 <p>
 For PARTUUID:
 </p>
 <div class="org-src-container">
 <pre class="src src-bash">lsblk -dno PARTUUID /dev/sdb3
 </pre>
 </div>

 <pre class="example">
 fbef9613-fbf5-8445-8d1c-7a63709d1229
 </pre>
 </div>
 </div>

 <div id="outline-container-org9f79854" class="outline-3">
 <h3 id="org9f79854"><span class="section-number-3">3.5.</span> Show at least two methods of viewing the UUID of a block device.</h3>
 <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-3-5">
 <p>
 lsblk -dno UUID /dev/sdb3
 blkid
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>

 <div id="outline-container-org4b16e3f" class="outline-3">
 <h3 id="org4b16e3f"><span class="section-number-3">3.6.</span> What is the function of /dev/zero?</h3>
 <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-3-6">
 <p>
 Source of zero bytes. Can be used with dd to fill a file with zeros.
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="postamble" class="status">
 <p class="author">Author: Amirlan Sharipov (BS21-CS-01)</p>
 <p class="date">Created: 2023-02-09 Thu 23:36</p>
 </div>
 </body>
 </html>
--- a/week2/lab2-solution.org
+++ b/week2/lab2-solution.org
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
 #+title: Lab2 Solution
 #+title: Amirlan Sharipov (BS21-CS-01)
 #+author: Amirlan Sharipov (BS21-CS-01)
 #+PROPERTY: header-args :results verbatim :exports both
 #+OPTIONS: ^:nil

 * Questions 1
 ** What is fdisk utility used for?
 to manipulate disk partition table
 ** Show the bootable device(s) on your machine, and identify which partition(s) are bootable.
 *** Output of fdisk -l:
 ...
 Device         Start       End   Sectors  Size Type
 /dev/sdb1       2048     34815     32768   16M Microsoft reserved
 /dev/sdb2      34816 524285951 524251136  250G Microsoft basic data
 /dev/sdb3  524285952 659988479 135702528 64.7G Linux filesystem
 /dev/sdb4  659988480 863920127 203931648 97.2G Linux filesystem
 /dev/sdb5  958291968 975173631  16881664    8G Linux swap
 /dev/sdb6  975173632 976773134   1599503  781M EFI System
 /dev/sdb7  863920128 956194815  92274688   44G Linux filesystem
 /dev/sdb8  956194816 958291967   2097152    1G EFI System
 *** Answer
 /dev/sdb6 and /dev/sdb8 are bootable partitions

 ** What is logical block address?
 is a scheme to index the locations of logical blocks of a device. Starts with LBA 0
 ** Why did we specify the count, the bs, and the skip options when using dd?
 Number of blocks, block size, and how many blocks to skip
 ** Why does a GPT formatted disk have the MBR?
 To maintain compatibility and protect GPT disk and from MBR-based disk utilities.
 ** Name two differences between primary and logical partitions in an MBR partitioning scheme
 There can be only 4 primary partitions in MBR disk, while there can be many logical ones on top of an extended partition. Some operating systems cannot boot from a logical partition.


 * Questions 2
 ** Why is Shim used to load the GRUB bootloader?
 To make Secure Boot mechanism work.
 ** Can you locate your grub configuration file? Show the path.
 /boot/grub/grub.cfg
 Also, there is /etc/default/grub which can be used to generate a grub config using grub-mkconfig
 ** According to the boot order, what is the third boot device on your computer? How did you check this?
 BootCurrent: 0003
 Timeout: 0 seconds
 BootOrder: 0003,0004,0009,0001,0002,0000,2001,0006,0005,2002,2003
 ...
 Boot0009* Artix HD(10,GPT,...
 It's Artix on my hard drive, accoding to efibootmgr -v

 * Questions 3
 ** How many inodes are in use on your system?
 #+begin_src bash
 df --output=source,iused
 #+end_src

 #+RESULTS:
 #+begin_example
 Filesystem      IUsed
 dev               717
 run              1314
 /dev/sdb3      720461
 tmpfs               1
 tmpfs              22
 /dev/sdb4      677792
 /dev/sdb6           0
 tmpfs              71
 /dev/sda9       16193
 /dev/sda8       33171
 #+end_example

 ** What is the filesystem type of the EFI partition?
 FAT32
 ** What device is mounted at your root / directory? Show proof.
 #+begin_src bash
 lsblk
 #+end_src

 #+RESULTS:
 #+begin_example
 NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
 sda      8:0    0 931.5G  0 disk
 ...
 sdb      8:16   0 465.8G  0 disk
 ├─sdb1   8:17   0    16M  0 part
 ├─sdb2   8:18   0   250G  0 part
 ├─sdb3   8:19   0  64.7G  0 part /
 ├─sdb4   8:20   0  97.2G  0 part /home
 ├─sdb5   8:21   0     8G  0 part [SWAP]
 ├─sdb6   8:22   0   781M  0 part /boot
 ├─sdb7   8:23   0    44G  0 part
 └─sdb8   8:24   0     1G  0 part
 #+end_example
 /dev/sdb3

 ** What is your partition UUID?
 For PARTUUID:
 #+begin_src bash
 lsblk -dno PARTUUID /dev/sdb3
 #+end_src

 #+RESULTS:
 : fbef9613-fbf5-8445-8d1c-7a63709d1229

 ** Show at least two methods of viewing the UUID of a block device.
 lsblk -dno UUID /dev/sdb3
 blkid

 ** What is the function of /dev/zero?
 Source of zero bytes. Can be used with dd to fill a file with zeros.
--- a/week2/lab2.html
+++ b/week2/lab2.html
--- a/week3/lab3-solution.html
+++ b/week3/lab3-solution.html
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 <body>
 <div id="content" class="content">
 <h1 class="title">Lab3 Solution Amirlan Sharipov (BS21-CS-01)</h1>
 <div id="table-of-contents" role="doc-toc">
 <h2>Table of Contents</h2>
 <div id="text-table-of-contents" role="doc-toc">
 <ul>
 <li><a href="#org2b08f84">1. Question 1</a></li>
 <li><a href="#org9415243">2. Question 2</a></li>
 <li><a href="#org5d672da">3. Question 3</a></li>
 <li><a href="#orgd1f87fe">4. Question 4</a></li>
 <li><a href="#org47aa941">5. Question 5</a></li>
 <li><a href="#org3a7880f">6. Question 6</a></li>
 <li><a href="#org1459886">7. Question 7</a></li>
 <li><a href="#org5520163">8. Question 8</a></li>
 <li><a href="#org1fcc283">9. Question 9</a></li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 </div>

 <div id="outline-container-org2b08f84" class="outline-2">
 <h2 id="org2b08f84"><span class="section-number-2">1.</span> Question 1</h2>
 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-1">
 <p>
 Pipe takes stdout of one command and forwards it to another as stdin
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="outline-container-org9415243" class="outline-2">
 <h2 id="org9415243"><span class="section-number-2">2.</span> Question 2</h2>
 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-2">
 <p>
 File formats and conventions
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="outline-container-org5d672da" class="outline-2">
 <h2 id="org5d672da"><span class="section-number-2">3.</span> Question 3</h2>
 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-3">
 <div class="org-src-container">
 <pre class="src src-bash"><span style="color: #82aaff;">which</span> <span style="color: #c792ea;">ls</span>
 </pre>
 </div>

 <pre class="example">
 /usr/bin/ls
 </pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="outline-container-orgd1f87fe" class="outline-2">
 <h2 id="orgd1f87fe"><span class="section-number-2">4.</span> Question 4</h2>
 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-4">
 <p>
 mv test_file.tot test_file.txt
 rename &rsquo;s/tot/txt/&rsquo; test-file.tot
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="outline-container-org47aa941" class="outline-2">
 <h2 id="org47aa941"><span class="section-number-2">5.</span> Question 5</h2>
 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-5">
 <div class="org-src-container">
 <pre class="src src-bash"><span style="color: #c792ea;">echo</span> -e <span style="color: #c3e88d;">"The location of hundreds of crab pots\nLittle Red Riding Hood\nThe location of hundreds of crab pots\nThe location of hundreds of crab pots\nThe sound of thunder\nEight hours in a row\nAll aboard\nEight hours in a row"</span> | sort | uniq &gt; newfile.txt; whoami &gt;&gt; newfile.txt
 </pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>

 <div id="outline-container-org3a7880f" class="outline-2">
 <h2 id="org3a7880f"><span class="section-number-2">6.</span> Question 6</h2>
 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-6">
 <p>
 ping 127.0.0.1 &amp;&gt; /dev/null
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="outline-container-org1459886" class="outline-2">
 <h2 id="org1459886"><span class="section-number-2">7.</span> Question 7</h2>
 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-7">
 <div class="org-src-container">
 <pre class="src src-bash">sort | nl -ba &gt; output.txt
 </pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>

 <div id="outline-container-org5520163" class="outline-2">
 <h2 id="org5520163"><span class="section-number-2">8.</span> Question 8</h2>
 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-8">
 <p>
 cd <i>home/rinri/testdir
 cd ..</i>../home/rinri/testdir
 cd ~/testdir
 cd; cd testdir
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="outline-container-org1fcc283" class="outline-2">
 <h2 id="org1fcc283"><span class="section-number-2">9.</span> Question 9</h2>
 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-9">
 <div class="org-src-container">
 <pre class="src src-bash">awk -F <span style="color: #c3e88d;">':'</span> <span style="color: #c3e88d;">'{print $7;}'</span> /etc/passwd | sort | uniq
 </pre>
 </div>

 <pre class="example">
 /bin/bash
 /bin/false
 /bin/zsh
 /sbin/nologin
 /usr/bin/git-shell
 /usr/bin/nologin
 </pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="postamble" class="status">
 <p class="author">Author: Amirlan Sharipov (BS21-CS-01)</p>
 <p class="date">Created: 2023-02-17 Fri 00:07</p>
 </div>
 </body>
 </html>
--- a/week3/lab3-solution.org
+++ b/week3/lab3-solution.org
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
 #+title: Lab3 Solution
 #+title: Amirlan Sharipov (BS21-CS-01)
 #+author: Amirlan Sharipov (BS21-CS-01)
 #+PROPERTY: header-args :results verbatim :exports both
 #+OPTIONS: ^:nil

 * Question 1
 Pipe takes stdout of one command and forwards it to another as stdin
 * Question 2
 File formats and conventions
 * Question 3
 #+begin_src bash
 which ls
 #+end_src

 #+RESULTS:
 : /usr/bin/ls
 * Question 4
 mv test_file.tot test_file.txt
 rename 's/tot/txt/' test-file.tot
 * Question 5
 #+begin_src bash
 echo -e "The location of hundreds of crab pots\nLittle Red Riding Hood\nThe location of hundreds of crab pots\nThe location of hundreds of crab pots\nThe sound of thunder\nEight hours in a row\nAll aboard\nEight hours in a row" | sort | uniq > newfile.txt; whoami >> newfile.txt
 #+end_src
 * Question 6
 ping 127.0.0.1 &> /dev/null
 * Question 7
 #+begin_src bash
 sort | nl -ba > output.txt
 #+end_src

 #+RESULTS:

 * Question 8
 cd /home/rinri/testdir
 cd ../../home/rinri/testdir
 cd ~/testdir
 cd; cd testdir
 * Question 9
 #+begin_src bash
 awk -F ':' '{print $7;}' /etc/passwd | sort | uniq
 #+end_src

 #+RESULTS:
 : /bin/bash
 : /bin/false
 : /bin/zsh
 : /sbin/nologin
 : /usr/bin/git-shell
 : /usr/bin/nologin
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 <body>
 <div id="content" class="content">
 <h1 class="title">Lab4 Solution Amirlan Sharipov (BS21-CS-01)</h1>
 <div id="table-of-contents" role="doc-toc">
 <h2>Table of Contents</h2>
 <div id="text-table-of-contents" role="doc-toc">
 <ul>
 <li><a href="#orgb19b1fd">1. Question 1</a></li>
 <li><a href="#org71726c2">2. Question 2</a></li>
 <li><a href="#orgf7b5bdd">3. Question 3</a></li>
 <li><a href="#org54ff846">4. Question 4</a></li>
 <li><a href="#org5397b06">5. Question 5</a></li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 </div>

 <div id="outline-container-orgb19b1fd" class="outline-2">
 <h2 id="orgb19b1fd"><span class="section-number-2">1.</span> Question 1</h2>
 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-1">
 <div class="org-src-container">
 <pre class="src src-bash"><span style="color: #c792ea;">grep</span> -E <span style="color: #c3e88d;">'(ERROR|WARNING)'</span> server-data.log
 </pre>
 </div>

 <pre class="example">
 2022/09/18 13:25:34 wazuh-remoted: ERROR: Remote syslog blocked from: '10.110.18.0/24'
 2022/09/18 13:25:35 wazuh-remoted: WARNING: Remote syslog not parsed from: '10.110.18.0/24'
 2022/09/18 13:25:35 wazuh-remoted: ERROR: Remote syslog blocked from: '10.110.18.0/24'
 </pre>
 </div>
 </div>

 <div id="outline-container-org71726c2" class="outline-2">
 <h2 id="org71726c2"><span class="section-number-2">2.</span> Question 2</h2>
 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-2">
 <div class="org-src-container">
 <pre class="src src-bash"><span style="color: #c792ea;">grep</span> -v <span style="color: #c3e88d;">'INFO'</span> server-data.log
 </pre>
 </div>

 <pre class="example">
 2022/09/18 13:25:34 wazuh-remoted: ERROR: Remote syslog blocked from: '10.110.18.0/24'
 2022/09/18 13:25:35 wazuh-remoted: WARNING: Remote syslog not parsed from: '10.110.18.0/24'
 2022/09/18 13:25:35 wazuh-remoted: ERROR: Remote syslog blocked from: '10.110.18.0/24'
 </pre>
 </div>
 </div>

 <div id="outline-container-orgf7b5bdd" class="outline-2">
 <h2 id="orgf7b5bdd"><span class="section-number-2">3.</span> Question 3</h2>
 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-3">
 <div class="org-src-container">
 <pre class="src src-bash"><span style="color: #c792ea;">grep</span> -c <span style="color: #c3e88d;">'ERROR'</span> server-data.log
 </pre>
 </div>

 <pre class="example">
 2
 </pre>
 </div>
 </div>

 <div id="outline-container-org54ff846" class="outline-2">
 <h2 id="org54ff846"><span class="section-number-2">4.</span> Question 4</h2>
 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-4">
 <div class="org-src-container">
 <pre class="src src-bash">sed -E <span style="color: #c3e88d;">'s/([01]?[0-9][0-9]?|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])\.([01]?[0-9][0-9]?|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])\.([01]?[0-9][0-9]?|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])\.([01]?[0-9][0-9]?|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])\/([0-2]?[0-9]|3[0-2])/xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx\/xx/g'</span> server-data.log &gt; newlog.log
 <span style="color: #c792ea;">cat</span> newlog.log
 </pre>
 </div>

 <pre class="example">
 2022/09/18 13:25:34 wazuh-remoted: INFO: Remote syslog allowed from: 'xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/xx'
 2022/09/18 13:25:34 wazuh-remoted: INFO: Remote syslog allowed from: '10.410.15.0/24'
 2022/09/18 13:25:34 wazuh-remoted: ERROR: Remote syslog blocked from: 'xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/xx'
 2022/09/18 13:25:34 wazuh-remoted: INFO: Remote syslog allowed from: 'xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/xx'
 2022/09/18 13:25:35 wazuh-remoted: WARNING: Remote syslog not parsed from: 'xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/xx'
 2022/09/18 13:25:35 wazuh-remoted: ERROR: Remote syslog blocked from: 'xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/xx'
 Log1 2022/09/18 13:25:35 wazuh-remoted: INFO: Remote syslog allowed from: 'xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/xx'
 2022/09/18 13:25:35 wazuh-remoted: INFO: Remote syslog allowed from: 'xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/xx' END
 2022/09/18 13:25:35 wazuh-remoted: ACTION: none INFO: Remote syslog allowed from: 'xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/xx'
 </pre>
 </div>
 </div>

 <div id="outline-container-org5397b06" class="outline-2">
 <h2 id="org5397b06"><span class="section-number-2">5.</span> Question 5</h2>
 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-5">
 <div class="org-src-container">
 <pre class="src src-bash"><span style="color: #c792ea;">grep</span> -P <span style="color: #c3e88d;">"^2022\/09\/18 13:25:(34|35) wazuh-remoted: (INFO|ERROR|WARNING): Remote syslog (allowed|blocked|not parsed) from: '10\.110\.(15|18)\.0\/24'$"</span> server-data.log
 </pre>
 </div>

 <pre class="example">
 2022/09/18 13:25:34 wazuh-remoted: INFO: Remote syslog allowed from: '10.110.15.0/24'
 2022/09/18 13:25:34 wazuh-remoted: ERROR: Remote syslog blocked from: '10.110.18.0/24'
 2022/09/18 13:25:34 wazuh-remoted: INFO: Remote syslog allowed from: '10.110.15.0/24'
 2022/09/18 13:25:35 wazuh-remoted: WARNING: Remote syslog not parsed from: '10.110.18.0/24'
 2022/09/18 13:25:35 wazuh-remoted: ERROR: Remote syslog blocked from: '10.110.18.0/24'
 </pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="postamble" class="status">
 <p class="author">Author: Amirlan Sharipov (BS21-CS-01)</p>
 <p class="date">Created: 2023-02-22 Wed 15:55</p>
 </div>
 </body>
 </html>
--- a/week4/lab4-solution.org
+++ b/week4/lab4-solution.org
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
 #+title: Lab4 Solution
 #+title: Amirlan Sharipov (BS21-CS-01)
 #+author: Amirlan Sharipov (BS21-CS-01)
 #+PROPERTY: header-args :results verbatim :exports both
 #+OPTIONS: ^:nil

 * Question 1
 #+begin_src bash
 grep -E '(ERROR|WARNING)' server-data.log
 #+end_src

 #+RESULTS:
 : 2022/09/18 13:25:34 wazuh-remoted: ERROR: Remote syslog blocked from: '10.110.18.0/24'
 : 2022/09/18 13:25:35 wazuh-remoted: WARNING: Remote syslog not parsed from: '10.110.18.0/24'
 : 2022/09/18 13:25:35 wazuh-remoted: ERROR: Remote syslog blocked from: '10.110.18.0/24'

 * Question 2
 #+begin_src bash
 grep -v 'INFO' server-data.log
 #+end_src

 #+RESULTS:
 : 2022/09/18 13:25:34 wazuh-remoted: ERROR: Remote syslog blocked from: '10.110.18.0/24'
 : 2022/09/18 13:25:35 wazuh-remoted: WARNING: Remote syslog not parsed from: '10.110.18.0/24'
 : 2022/09/18 13:25:35 wazuh-remoted: ERROR: Remote syslog blocked from: '10.110.18.0/24'

 * Question 3
 #+begin_src bash
 grep -c 'ERROR' server-data.log
 #+end_src

 #+RESULTS:
 : 2

 * Question 4
 #+begin_src bash
 sed -E 's/([01]?[0-9][0-9]?|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])\.([01]?[0-9][0-9]?|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])\.([01]?[0-9][0-9]?|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])\.([01]?[0-9][0-9]?|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])\/([0-2]?[0-9]|3[0-2])/xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx\/xx/g' server-data.log > newlog.log
 cat newlog.log
 #+end_src

 #+RESULTS:
 : 2022/09/18 13:25:34 wazuh-remoted: INFO: Remote syslog allowed from: 'xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/xx'
 : 2022/09/18 13:25:34 wazuh-remoted: INFO: Remote syslog allowed from: '10.410.15.0/24'
 : 2022/09/18 13:25:34 wazuh-remoted: ERROR: Remote syslog blocked from: 'xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/xx'
 : 2022/09/18 13:25:34 wazuh-remoted: INFO: Remote syslog allowed from: 'xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/xx'
 : 2022/09/18 13:25:35 wazuh-remoted: WARNING: Remote syslog not parsed from: 'xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/xx'
 : 2022/09/18 13:25:35 wazuh-remoted: ERROR: Remote syslog blocked from: 'xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/xx'
 : Log1 2022/09/18 13:25:35 wazuh-remoted: INFO: Remote syslog allowed from: 'xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/xx'
 : 2022/09/18 13:25:35 wazuh-remoted: INFO: Remote syslog allowed from: 'xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/xx' END
 : 2022/09/18 13:25:35 wazuh-remoted: ACTION: none INFO: Remote syslog allowed from: 'xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/xx'

 * Question 5
 #+begin_src bash
 grep -P "^2022\/09\/18 13:25:(34|35) wazuh-remoted: (INFO|ERROR|WARNING): Remote syslog (allowed|blocked|not parsed) from: '10\.110\.(15|18)\.0\/24'$" server-data.log
 #+end_src

 #+RESULTS:
 : 2022/09/18 13:25:34 wazuh-remoted: INFO: Remote syslog allowed from: '10.110.15.0/24'
 : 2022/09/18 13:25:34 wazuh-remoted: ERROR: Remote syslog blocked from: '10.110.18.0/24'
 : 2022/09/18 13:25:34 wazuh-remoted: INFO: Remote syslog allowed from: '10.110.15.0/24'
 : 2022/09/18 13:25:35 wazuh-remoted: WARNING: Remote syslog not parsed from: '10.110.18.0/24'
 : 2022/09/18 13:25:35 wazuh-remoted: ERROR: Remote syslog blocked from: '10.110.18.0/24'
--- a/week4/lab4.html
+++ b/week4/lab4.html
--- a/week4/newlog.log
+++ b/week4/newlog.log
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
 2022/09/18 13:25:34 wazuh-remoted: INFO: Remote syslog allowed from: 'xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/xx'
 2022/09/18 13:25:34 wazuh-remoted: INFO: Remote syslog allowed from: '10.410.15.0/24'
 2022/09/18 13:25:34 wazuh-remoted: ERROR: Remote syslog blocked from: 'xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/xx'
 2022/09/18 13:25:34 wazuh-remoted: INFO: Remote syslog allowed from: 'xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/xx'
 2022/09/18 13:25:35 wazuh-remoted: WARNING: Remote syslog not parsed from: 'xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/xx'
 2022/09/18 13:25:35 wazuh-remoted: ERROR: Remote syslog blocked from: 'xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/xx'
 Log1 2022/09/18 13:25:35 wazuh-remoted: INFO: Remote syslog allowed from: 'xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/xx'
 2022/09/18 13:25:35 wazuh-remoted: INFO: Remote syslog allowed from: 'xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/xx' END
 2022/09/18 13:25:35 wazuh-remoted: ACTION: none INFO: Remote syslog allowed from: 'xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/xx'
--- a/week4/server-data.log
+++ b/week4/server-data.log
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
 2022/09/18 13:25:34 wazuh-remoted: INFO: Remote syslog allowed from: '10.110.15.0/24'
 2022/09/18 13:25:34 wazuh-remoted: INFO: Remote syslog allowed from: '10.410.15.0/24'
 2022/09/18 13:25:34 wazuh-remoted: ERROR: Remote syslog blocked from: '10.110.18.0/24'
 2022/09/18 13:25:34 wazuh-remoted: INFO: Remote syslog allowed from: '10.110.15.0/24'
 2022/09/18 13:25:35 wazuh-remoted: WARNING: Remote syslog not parsed from: '10.110.18.0/24'
 2022/09/18 13:25:35 wazuh-remoted: ERROR: Remote syslog blocked from: '10.110.18.0/24'
 Log1 2022/09/18 13:25:35 wazuh-remoted: INFO: Remote syslog allowed from: '10.110.15.0/24'
 2022/09/18 13:25:35 wazuh-remoted: INFO: Remote syslog allowed from: '10.110.15.0/24' END
 2022/09/18 13:25:35 wazuh-remoted: ACTION: none INFO: Remote syslog allowed from: '10.110.15.0/24'
--- a/week5/lab5-solution.html
+++ b/week5/lab5-solution.html
@@ -0,0 +1,306 @@
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 <div id="content" class="content">
 <h1 class="title">Lab5 Solution Amirlan Sharipov (BS21-CS-01)</h1>
 <div id="table-of-contents" role="doc-toc">
 <h2>Table of Contents</h2>
 <div id="text-table-of-contents" role="doc-toc">
 <ul>
 <li><a href="#orgc73e026">1. Question 1</a></li>
 <li><a href="#org1d63a7a">2. Question 2</a></li>
 <li><a href="#org4ea83ba">3. Question 3</a></li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 </div>

 <div id="outline-container-orgc73e026" class="outline-2">
 <h2 id="orgc73e026"><span class="section-number-2">1.</span> Question 1</h2>
 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-1">
 <div class="org-src-container">
 <pre class="src src-bash"><span style="color: #c792ea;">echo</span> <span style="color: #c3e88d;">"Username: </span><span style="color: #89DDFF; font-weight: bold;">$(whoami)</span><span style="color: #c3e88d;">"</span>
 <span style="color: #c792ea;">echo</span> <span style="color: #c3e88d;">"Home Directory: </span><span style="color: #f78c6c;">$</span><span style="color: #ffcb6b;">HOME</span><span style="color: #c3e88d;">"</span>
 <span style="color: #c792ea;">echo</span> <span style="color: #c3e88d;">"Shell: </span><span style="color: #f78c6c;">$</span><span style="color: #ffcb6b;">SHELL</span><span style="color: #c3e88d;">"</span>
 <span style="color: #c792ea;">echo</span> <span style="color: #c3e88d;">"Hostname: </span><span style="color: #89DDFF; font-weight: bold;">$(hostname)</span><span style="color: #c3e88d;">"</span>
 <span style="color: #ffcb6b;">ipaddress</span>=<span style="color: #c3e88d;">"</span><span style="color: #89DDFF; font-weight: bold;">$(ip addr | </span><span style="color: #89DDFF; font-weight: bold;">grep</span><span style="color: #89DDFF; font-weight: bold;"> -A5 "enp2s0f1:" | </span><span style="color: #89DDFF; font-weight: bold;">grep</span><span style="color: #89DDFF; font-weight: bold;"> "inet .*" | awk '{print </span><span style="color: #89DDFF; font-weight: bold;">$</span><span style="color: #89DDFF; font-weight: bold;">2</span><span style="color: #89DDFF; font-weight: bold;">}')</span><span style="color: #c3e88d;">"</span>
 <span style="color: #c792ea;">echo</span> <span style="color: #c3e88d;">"IP address: </span><span style="color: #f78c6c;">$</span><span style="color: #ffcb6b;">ipaddress</span><span style="color: #c3e88d;">"</span>
 </pre>
 </div>

 <pre class="example">
 Username: rinri
 Home Directory: /home/rinri
 Shell: /bin/zsh
 Hostname: akemi
 IP address: 10.244.1.78/24
 </pre>
 </div>
 </div>

 <div id="outline-container-org1d63a7a" class="outline-2">
 <h2 id="org1d63a7a"><span class="section-number-2">2.</span> Question 2</h2>
 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-2">
 <div class="org-src-container">
 <pre class="src src-bash"><span style="color: #ffcb6b;">HOME</span>=lab5-solution.org <span style="color: #676E95;"># </span><span style="color: #676E95;">THIS IS DONE TO NOT MAKE HOME BACKUP WHEN EXPORTING</span>
 <span style="color: #c792ea;">sudo</span> <span style="color: #c792ea;">mkdir</span> -p /var/backups
 <span style="color: #ffcb6b;">FNAME</span>=<span style="color: #c3e88d;">"</span><span style="color: #89DDFF; font-weight: bold;">$(</span><span style="color: #89DDFF; font-weight: bold;">date</span><span style="color: #89DDFF; font-weight: bold;"> '+/var/backups/home_backup_%b_%d_%Y_%H_%M_%S.tar.gz')</span><span style="color: #c3e88d;">"</span>
 <span style="color: #c792ea;">sudo</span> tar caf $<span style="color: #ffcb6b;">FNAME</span> $<span style="color: #ffcb6b;">HOME</span>
 </pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>

 <div id="outline-container-org4ea83ba" class="outline-2">
 <h2 id="org4ea83ba"><span class="section-number-2">3.</span> Question 3</h2>
 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-3">
 <div class="org-src-container">
 <pre class="src src-bash">uname -svm

 w

 <span style="color: #ffcb6b;">CUR_USERS</span>=<span style="color: #c3e88d;">"</span><span style="color: #89DDFF; font-weight: bold;">$(who | awk '{print </span><span style="color: #89DDFF; font-weight: bold;">$</span><span style="color: #89DDFF; font-weight: bold;">1</span><span style="color: #89DDFF; font-weight: bold;">}' | sort | uniq)</span><span style="color: #c3e88d;">"</span>

 <span style="color: #89DDFF;">if</span> <span style="color: #c792ea;">[</span> -d <span style="color: #c3e88d;">"/sys/firmware/efi"</span> <span style="color: #c792ea;">]</span>; <span style="color: #89DDFF;">then</span>
    <span style="color: #c792ea;">echo</span> <span style="color: #c3e88d;">"EFI"</span>
 <span style="color: #89DDFF;">else</span>
    <span style="color: #c792ea;">echo</span> <span style="color: #c3e88d;">"No EFI"</span>
 <span style="color: #89DDFF;">fi</span>

 lsblk -o <span style="color: #c3e88d;">"+PTTYPE"</span> | sed <span style="color: #c3e88d;">'s/^\([A-Za-z]*\) \(.*\)gpt/\1*\2gpt/'</span>

 efibootmgr | <span style="color: #c792ea;">grep</span> <span style="color: #c3e88d;">"Boot</span><span style="color: #89DDFF; font-weight: bold;">$(efibootmgr | </span><span style="color: #89DDFF; font-weight: bold;">grep</span><span style="color: #89DDFF; font-weight: bold;"> "BootOrder" | awk '{print substr(</span><span style="color: #89DDFF; font-weight: bold;">$</span><span style="color: #89DDFF; font-weight: bold;">2</span><span style="color: #89DDFF; font-weight: bold;">, 0, 4)</span><span style="color: #c3e88d;">;}')"</span>
 </pre>
 </div>

 <pre class="example" id="orge8b7bd2">
 Linux #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Tue, 14 Feb 2023 22:08:08 +0000 x86_64
 23:55:56 up  9:44,  2 users,  load average: 1.35, 1.71, 1.34
 USER     TTY        LOGIN@   IDLE   JCPU   PCPU WHAT
 rinri    tty1      14:11    9:44m  8:14   0.00s xinit /home/rinri/.xinitrc -- /etc/X11/xinit/xserverrc :0 vt1 -keeptty -auth /tmp/serverauth.unEBAJdBrv
 root     tty2      14:46    9:09m  0.00s  0.00s -bash
 EFI
 NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS PTTYPE
 sda*     8:0    0 931.5G  0 disk             gpt
 ├─sda1   8:1    0   499M  0 part             gpt
 ├─sda2   8:2    0   100M  0 part             gpt
 ├─sda3   8:3    0    16M  0 part             gpt
 ├─sda4   8:4    0  42.4G  0 part             gpt
 ├─sda5   8:5    0  38.8G  0 part             gpt
 ├─sda6   8:6    0   100M  0 part             gpt
 ├─sda7   8:7    0   3.1G  0 part             gpt
 ├─sda8   8:8    0   315G  0 part /mnt/rec    gpt
 └─sda9   8:9    0 531.5G  0 part /mnt/data   gpt
 sdb*     8:16   0 465.8G  0 disk             gpt
 ├─sdb1   8:17   0    16M  0 part             gpt
 ├─sdb2   8:18   0   250G  0 part             gpt
 ├─sdb3   8:19   0  64.7G  0 part /           gpt
 ├─sdb4   8:20   0  97.2G  0 part /home       gpt
 ├─sdb5   8:21   0     8G  0 part [SWAP]      gpt
 ├─sdb6   8:22   0   781M  0 part /boot       gpt
 ├─sdb7   8:23   0    44G  0 part             gpt
 └─sdb8   8:24   0     1G  0 part             gpt
 Boot0003* Arch BTW	HD(7,GPT,1d75b784-ef17-3c4d-9e74-0b058e17bf83,0x3a1ff800,0x18680f)/File(\vmlinuz-linux)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
 </pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="postamble" class="status">
 <p class="author">Author: Amirlan Sharipov (BS21-CS-01)</p>
 <p class="date">Created: 2023-03-02 Thu 23:55</p>
 </div>
 </body>
 </html>
--- a/week5/lab5-solution.org
+++ b/week5/lab5-solution.org
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
 #+title: Lab5 Solution
 #+title: Amirlan Sharipov (BS21-CS-01)
 #+author: Amirlan Sharipov (BS21-CS-01)
 #+PROPERTY: header-args :results verbatim :exports both
 #+OPTIONS: ^:nil

 * Question 1
 #+begin_src bash
 echo "Username: $(whoami)"
 echo "Home Directory: $HOME"
 echo "Shell: $SHELL"
 echo "Hostname: $(hostname)"
 ipaddress="$(ip addr | grep -A5 "enp2s0f1:" | grep "inet .*" | awk '{print $2}')"
 echo "IP address: $ipaddress"
 #+end_src

 #+RESULTS:
 : Username: rinri
 : Home Directory: /home/rinri
 : Shell: /bin/zsh
 : Hostname: akemi
 : IP address: 10.244.1.78/24

 * Question 2
 #+begin_src bash
 HOME=lab5-solution.org # THIS IS DONE TO NOT MAKE HOME BACKUP WHEN EXPORTING
 sudo mkdir -p /var/backups
 FNAME="$(date '+/var/backups/home_backup_%b_%d_%Y_%H_%M_%S.tar.gz')"
 sudo tar caf $FNAME $HOME
 #+end_src

 #+RESULTS:

 * Question 3
 #+begin_src bash
 uname -svm

 w

 CUR_USERS="$(who | awk '{print $1}' | sort | uniq)"

 if [ -d "/sys/firmware/efi" ]; then
    echo "EFI"
 else
    echo "No EFI"
 fi

 lsblk -o "+PTTYPE" | sed 's/^\([A-Za-z]*\) \(.*\)gpt/\1*\2gpt/'

 efibootmgr | grep "Boot$(efibootmgr | grep "BootOrder" | awk '{print substr($2, 0, 4);}')"
 #+end_src

 #+RESULTS:
 #+begin_example
 Linux #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Tue, 14 Feb 2023 22:08:08 +0000 x86_64
 23:43:06 up  9:31,  2 users,  load average: 0.94, 1.05, 0.96
 USER     TTY        LOGIN@   IDLE   JCPU   PCPU WHAT
 rinri    tty1      14:11    9:31m  7:29   0.00s xinit /home/rinri/.xinitrc -- /etc/X11/xinit/xserverrc :0 vt1 -keeptty -auth /tmp/serverauth.unEBAJdBrv
 root     tty2      14:46    8:56m  0.00s  0.00s -bash
 EFI
 NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS PTTYPE
 sda*     8:0    0 931.5G  0 disk             gpt
 ├─sda1   8:1    0   499M  0 part             gpt
 ├─sda2   8:2    0   100M  0 part             gpt
 ├─sda3   8:3    0    16M  0 part             gpt
 ├─sda4   8:4    0  42.4G  0 part             gpt
 ├─sda5   8:5    0  38.8G  0 part             gpt
 ├─sda6   8:6    0   100M  0 part             gpt
 ├─sda7   8:7    0   3.1G  0 part             gpt
 ├─sda8   8:8    0   315G  0 part /mnt/rec    gpt
 └─sda9   8:9    0 531.5G  0 part /mnt/data   gpt
 sdb*     8:16   0 465.8G  0 disk             gpt
 ├─sdb1   8:17   0    16M  0 part             gpt
 ├─sdb2   8:18   0   250G  0 part             gpt
 ├─sdb3   8:19   0  64.7G  0 part /           gpt
 ├─sdb4   8:20   0  97.2G  0 part /home       gpt
 ├─sdb5   8:21   0     8G  0 part [SWAP]      gpt
 ├─sdb6   8:22   0   781M  0 part /boot       gpt
 ├─sdb7   8:23   0    44G  0 part             gpt
 └─sdb8   8:24   0     1G  0 part             gpt
 Boot0003* Arch BTW	HD(7,GPT,1d75b784-ef17-3c4d-9e74-0b058e17bf83,0x3a1ff800,0x18680f)/File(\vmlinuz-linux)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
 #+end_example
--- a/week5/lab5.html
+++ b/week5/lab5.html
--- a/week6/helloworld.sh
+++ b/week6/helloworld.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
 #!/bin/bash

 trap 'echo "Interrupt received"; exit' SIGUSR1
 while :
 do
    echo "Hello World"
    sleep 10
 done
--- a/week6/lab6-solution.html
+++ b/week6/lab6-solution.html
@@ -0,0 +1,424 @@
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 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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 <head>
 <!-- 2023-03-09 Thu 19:12 -->
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 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
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 <body>
 <div id="content" class="content">
 <h1 class="title">Lab5 Solution Amirlan Sharipov (BS21-CS-01)</h1>
 <div id="table-of-contents" role="doc-toc">
 <h2>Table of Contents</h2>
 <div id="text-table-of-contents" role="doc-toc">
 <ul>
 <li><a href="#orgb4a8d53">1. Question 1</a>
 <ul>
 <li><a href="#orgb9d88ac">1.1. What is a zombie process</a></li>
 <li><a href="#org266fff4">1.2. Finding zombie processes</a></li>
 <li><a href="#org459fc7a">1.3. kill vs killall vs pkill</a></li>
 <li><a href="#org5ff0fe7">1.4. top</a></li>
 <li><a href="#org83cfe45">1.5. kill fun processes script</a></li>
 <li><a href="#org48d69a8">1.6. Hello world</a></li>
 <li><a href="#org96feea4">1.7. System util</a></li>
 </ul>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 </div>

 <div id="outline-container-orgb4a8d53" class="outline-2">
 <h2 id="orgb4a8d53"><span class="section-number-2">1.</span> Question 1</h2>
 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-1">
 </div>
 <div id="outline-container-orgb9d88ac" class="outline-3">
 <h3 id="orgb9d88ac"><span class="section-number-3">1.1.</span> What is a zombie process</h3>
 <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-1">
 <p>
 Zombie processes appear in parent-child process relationships. They are finished executing, but they are still in the process table. For example, when a child process finishes executing, but parent process didn&rsquo;t acknowledge it yet.
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="outline-container-org266fff4" class="outline-3">
 <h3 id="org266fff4"><span class="section-number-3">1.2.</span> Finding zombie processes</h3>
 <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-2">
 <p>
 I created a zombie process using C and then run this command:
 </p>
 <div class="org-src-container">
 <pre class="src src-bash">bat zombie.c
 gcc zombie.c
 ./a.out &amp;
 ps aux | <span style="color: #c792ea;">grep</span> <span style="color: #c3e88d;">"defunct"</span> | <span style="color: #c792ea;">grep</span> -v <span style="color: #c3e88d;">"</span><span style="color: #c3e88d;">grep</span><span style="color: #c3e88d;">"</span>
 </pre>
 </div>

 <pre class="example" id="org9746a26">
 #include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
 #include &lt;stdlib.h&gt;
 #include &lt;unistd.h&gt;

 int main() {
 	pid_t p = fork();
 	if (p == 0) {
 		exit(0);
 	} else {
 		sleep(10);
 	}
 }
 rinri     810248  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        Z    19:11   0:00 [a.out] &lt;defunct&gt;
 </pre>
 <p>
 So, using the last command I can find zombie processes. Let&rsquo;s say that I know that there is only one zombie process. To kill it, let&rsquo;s kill its parent process:
 </p>
 <div class="org-src-container">
 <pre class="src src-bash"><span style="color: #c792ea;">kill</span> -9 $<span style="color: #c792ea;">(</span>ps -o <span style="color: #ffcb6b;">ppid</span>= -p $<span style="color: #f78c6c;">(</span>ps aux | <span style="color: #c792ea;">grep</span> -m <span style="color: #f78c6c; font-weight: bold;">1</span> <span style="color: #c3e88d;">"defunct"</span> | <span style="color: #c792ea;">grep</span> -v <span style="color: #c3e88d;">"</span><span style="color: #c3e88d;">grep</span><span style="color: #c3e88d;">"</span> | awk <span style="color: #c3e88d;">'{print $2;}'</span><span style="color: #f78c6c;">)</span><span style="color: #c792ea;">)</span>
 </pre>
 </div>

 <p>
 By using this line, it&rsquo;s possible to create script to kill all the zombie processes.
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>

 <div id="outline-container-org459fc7a" class="outline-3">
 <h3 id="org459fc7a"><span class="section-number-3">1.3.</span> kill vs killall vs pkill</h3>
 <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-3">
 <p>
 kill sends the specified signal to the given pid.
 killall sends the specified signal to all the processes by the given process name.
 pkill sends the specified signal to all the processes matching the given pattern.
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>

 <div id="outline-container-org5ff0fe7" class="outline-3">
 <h3 id="org5ff0fe7"><span class="section-number-3">1.4.</span> top</h3>
 <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-4">
 <div class="org-src-container">
 <pre class="src src-bash">top -b -n <span style="color: #f78c6c; font-weight: bold;">1</span> | head -n <span style="color: #f78c6c; font-weight: bold;">5</span>
 </pre>
 </div>

 <pre class="example">
 top - 19:12:03 up  2:35,  1 user,  load average: 2.29, 2.75, 2.98
 Tasks: 299 total,   1 running, 298 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie
 %Cpu(s): 17.4 us,  6.5 sy,  0.0 ni, 73.2 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  2.9 si,  0.0 st
 MiB Mem :  14886.6 total,   6722.9 free,   4607.7 used,   3556.0 buff/cache
 MiB Swap:   8243.0 total,   8243.0 free,      0.0 used.   9791.8 avail Mem 
 </pre>

 <p>
 (Explaining the first evaluation, results may differ after export)
 The Tasks line says, that there is 283 total processes, 1 of them is currently running, others are sleeping. No stopeed and no zombie processes.
 The %Cpu(s) line says about processor utilization.
 (Taken from the Lab6 file)
    us is the percent of time spent running user processes.
    sy is the percent of time spent running the kernel.
    ni is the percent of time spent running processes with manually configured nice values.
    id is the percent of time idle (if high, CPU may be overworked).
    wa is the percent of wait time (if high, CPU is waiting for I/O access).
    hi is the percent of time managing hardware interrupts.
    si is the percent of time managing software interrupts.
    st is the percent of virtual CPU time waiting for access to physical CPU.
    Values such as id, wa, and st help identify whether the system is overworked.
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>

 <div id="outline-container-org83cfe45" class="outline-3">
 <h3 id="org83cfe45"><span class="section-number-3">1.5.</span> kill fun processes script</h3>
 <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-5">
 <div class="org-src-container">
 <pre class="src src-bash">bash -c <span style="color: #c3e88d;">"exec -a fun</span><span style="color: #f78c6c;">$</span><span style="color: #ffcb6b;">{RANDOM}</span><span style="color: #c3e88d;">process </span><span style="color: #c3e88d;">sleep</span><span style="color: #c3e88d;"> infinity"</span> &amp;
 bash -c <span style="color: #c3e88d;">"exec -a fun</span><span style="color: #f78c6c;">$</span><span style="color: #ffcb6b;">{RANDOM}</span><span style="color: #c3e88d;">process </span><span style="color: #c3e88d;">sleep</span><span style="color: #c3e88d;"> infinity"</span> &amp;
 bash -c <span style="color: #c3e88d;">"exec -a fun</span><span style="color: #f78c6c;">$</span><span style="color: #ffcb6b;">{RANDOM}</span><span style="color: #c3e88d;">process </span><span style="color: #c3e88d;">sleep</span><span style="color: #c3e88d;"> infinity"</span> &amp;

 <span style="color: #ffcb6b;">FUNPROCS</span>=<span style="color: #c3e88d;">"</span><span style="color: #89DDFF; font-weight: bold;">$(</span><span style="color: #89DDFF; font-weight: bold;">pgrep</span><span style="color: #89DDFF; font-weight: bold;"> -f 'fun.*process.*infinity')</span><span style="color: #c3e88d;">"</span>
 <span style="color: #c792ea;">echo</span> <span style="color: #c3e88d;">"Found </span><span style="color: #89DDFF; font-weight: bold;">$(</span><span style="color: #89DDFF; font-weight: bold;">echo</span><span style="color: #89DDFF; font-weight: bold;"> "</span><span style="color: #89DDFF; font-weight: bold;">$</span><span style="color: #89DDFF; font-weight: bold;">FUNPROCS</span><span style="color: #89DDFF; font-weight: bold;">" | wc -l)</span><span style="color: #c3e88d;"> processes:"</span>
 <span style="color: #c792ea;">echo</span> <span style="color: #c3e88d;">"</span><span style="color: #f78c6c;">$</span><span style="color: #ffcb6b;">FUNPROCS</span><span style="color: #c3e88d;">"</span>
 <span style="color: #89DDFF;">for</span> FUNPROC<span style="color: #89DDFF;"> in</span> $<span style="color: #ffcb6b;">FUNPROCS</span>
 <span style="color: #89DDFF;">do</span>
    <span style="color: #c792ea;">kill</span> -9 <span style="color: #c3e88d;">"</span><span style="color: #f78c6c;">$</span><span style="color: #ffcb6b;">FUNPROC</span><span style="color: #c3e88d;">"</span>
    <span style="color: #c792ea;">echo</span> <span style="color: #c3e88d;">"killed </span><span style="color: #f78c6c;">$</span><span style="color: #ffcb6b;">FUNPROC</span><span style="color: #c3e88d;">"</span>
 <span style="color: #89DDFF;">done</span>
 </pre>
 </div>

 <pre class="example">
 Found 3 processes:
 811145
 811146
 811147
 killed 811145
 killed 811146
 killed 811147
 </pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="outline-container-org48d69a8" class="outline-3">
 <h3 id="org48d69a8"><span class="section-number-3">1.6.</span> Hello world</h3>
 <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-6">
 <div class="org-src-container">
 <pre class="src src-bash">bat helloworld.sh
 </pre>
 </div>

 <pre class="example">
 #!/bin/bash

 trap 'echo "Interrupt received"; exit' SIGUSR1
 while :
 do
    echo "Hello World"
    sleep 10
 done
 </pre>


 <p>
 To kill:
 kill -s SIGUSR1 &ldquo;$(ps aux | grep &rdquo;helloworld.sh&ldquo; | grep -v &rdquo;grep&ldquo; | awk &rsquo;{print $2}&rsquo;)&rdquo;
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="outline-container-org96feea4" class="outline-3">
 <h3 id="org96feea4"><span class="section-number-3">1.7.</span> System util</h3>
 <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-7">
 <div class="org-src-container">
 <pre class="src src-bash">bat status.sh
 </pre>
 </div>

 <pre class="example" id="org928686a">
 #!/bin/bash

 while :
 do
    CPUUSAGE="$(top -b - n 1 | grep "Cpu" | awk '{print 100-$8}')%"
    MEMUSAGE="$(free -h | grep "Mem" | awk '{print $3/$2*100}')%"
    # disk usage for root directory
    DISKUSAGE="$(df -h | awk '{ if ($6 == "/")
    print $5;
    }')"

    echo "$(date) CPU: $CPUUSAGE Mem: $MEMUSAGE Disk:$DISKUSAGE" &gt;&gt; /var/log/system_utilization.log
    sleep 15
 done
 </pre>

 <div class="org-src-container">
 <pre class="src src-bash">bat /var/log/system_utilization.log
 </pre>
 </div>

 <pre class="example">
 Thu Mar  9 07:09:13 PM MSK 2023 CPU: 43.2% Mem: 32.1429% Disk:70%
 Thu Mar  9 07:09:29 PM MSK 2023 CPU: 45.7% Mem: 32.1429% Disk:70%
 Thu Mar  9 07:09:44 PM MSK 2023 CPU: 34.1% Mem: 32.1429% Disk:70%
 Thu Mar  9 07:09:59 PM MSK 2023 CPU: 28.5% Mem: 32.1429% Disk:70%
 Thu Mar  9 07:10:14 PM MSK 2023 CPU: 22.5% Mem: 32.1429% Disk:70%
 Thu Mar  9 07:10:30 PM MSK 2023 CPU: 34.8% Mem: 32.1429% Disk:70%
 Thu Mar  9 07:10:45 PM MSK 2023 CPU: 37.6% Mem: 32.1429% Disk:70%
 Thu Mar  9 07:11:00 PM MSK 2023 CPU: 29.8% Mem: 32.1429% Disk:70%
 </pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="postamble" class="status">
 <p class="author">Author: Amirlan Sharipov (BS21-CS-01)</p>
 <p class="date">Created: 2023-03-09 Thu 19:12</p>
 </div>
 </body>
 </html>
--- a/week6/lab6-solution.org
+++ b/week6/lab6-solution.org
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
 #+title: Lab5 Solution
 #+title: Amirlan Sharipov (BS21-CS-01)
 #+author: Amirlan Sharipov (BS21-CS-01)
 #+PROPERTY: header-args :results verbatim :exports both
 #+OPTIONS: ^:nil

 * Question 1
 ** What is a zombie process
 Zombie processes appear in parent-child process relationships. They are finished executing, but they are still in the process table. For example, when a child process finishes executing, but parent process didn't acknowledge it yet.
 ** Finding zombie processes
 I created a zombie process using C and then run this command:
 #+begin_src bash
 bat zombie.c
 gcc zombie.c
 ./a.out &
 ps aux | grep "defunct" | grep -v "grep"
 #+end_src

 #+RESULTS:
 #+begin_example
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <unistd.h>

 int main() {
 	pid_t p = fork();
 	if (p == 0) {
 		exit(0);
 	} else {
 		sleep(2);
 	}
 }
 rinri     178372  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        Z    17:11   0:00 [a.out] <defunct>
 #+end_example
 So, using the last command I can find zombie processes. Let's say that I know that there is only one zombie process. To kill it, let's kill its parent process:
 #+begin_src bash
 kill -9 $(ps -o ppid= -p $(ps aux | grep -m 1 "defunct" | grep -v "grep" | awk '{print $2;}'))
 #+end_src

 #+RESULTS:

 By using this line, it's possible to create script to kill all the zombie processes.

 ** kill vs killall vs pkill
 kill sends the specified signal to the given pid.
 killall sends the specified signal to all the processes by the given process name.
 pkill sends the specified signal to all the processes matching the given pattern.

 ** top
 #+begin_src bash
 top -b -n 1 | head -n 5
 #+end_src

 #+RESULTS:
 : top - 17:29:37 up 52 min,  1 user,  load average: 0.97, 1.02, 1.18
 : Tasks: 283 total,   1 running, 282 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie
 : %Cpu(s):  3.8 us,  3.0 sy,  0.0 ni, 92.5 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.8 si,  0.0 st
 : MiB Mem :  14886.6 total,   9247.6 free,   3192.2 used,   2446.7 buff/cache
 : MiB Swap:   8243.0 total,   8243.0 free,      0.0 used.  11272.0 avail Mem
 (Explaining the first evaluation, results may differ after export)
 The Tasks line says, that there is 283 total processes, 1 of them is currently running, others are sleeping. No stopeed and no zombie processes.
 The %Cpu(s) line says about processor utilization.
 (Taken from the Lab6 file)
    us is the percent of time spent running user processes.
    sy is the percent of time spent running the kernel.
    ni is the percent of time spent running processes with manually configured nice values.
    id is the percent of time idle (if high, CPU may be overworked).
    wa is the percent of wait time (if high, CPU is waiting for I/O access).
    hi is the percent of time managing hardware interrupts.
    si is the percent of time managing software interrupts.
    st is the percent of virtual CPU time waiting for access to physical CPU.
    Values such as id, wa, and st help identify whether the system is overworked.

 ** kill fun processes script
 #+begin_src bash
 bash -c "exec -a fun${RANDOM}process sleep infinity" &
 bash -c "exec -a fun${RANDOM}process sleep infinity" &
 bash -c "exec -a fun${RANDOM}process sleep infinity" &

 FUNPROCS="$(pgrep -f 'fun.*process.*infinity')"
 echo "Found $(echo "$FUNPROCS" | wc -l) processes:"
 echo "$FUNPROCS"
 for FUNPROC in $FUNPROCS
 do
    kill -9 "$FUNPROC"
    echo "killed $FUNPROC"
 done
 #+end_src

 #+RESULTS:
 : Found 3 processes:
 : 394357
 : 394358
 : 394359
 : killed 394357
 : killed 394358
 : killed 394359
 ** Hello world
 #+begin_src bash
 bat helloworld.sh
 #+end_src

 #+RESULTS:
 : #!/bin/bash
 :
 : trap 'echo "Interrupt received"; exit' SIGUSR1
 : while :
 : do
 :     echo "Hello World"
 :     sleep 10
 : done

 To kill:
 kill -s SIGUSR1 "$(ps aux | grep "helloworld.sh" | grep -v "grep" | awk '{print $2}')"
 ** System util
 #+begin_src bash
 bat status.sh
 #+end_src

 #+RESULTS:
 #+begin_example
 while :
 do
    CPUUSAGE="$(top -b - n 1 | grep "Cpu" | awk '{print 100-$8}')%"
    MEMUSAGE="$(free -h | grep "Mem" | awk '{print $3/$2*100}')%"
    # disk usage for root directory
    DISKUSAGE="$(df -h | awk '{ if ($6 == "/")
    print $5;
    }')"

    echo "$(date) CPU: $CPUUSAGE Mem: $MEMUSAGE Disk:$DISKUSAGE" >> /var/log/system_utilization.log
    sleep 15
 done
 #+end_example

 #+begin_src bash
 bat /var/log/system_utilization.log
 #+end_src

 #+RESULTS:
 : Thu Mar  9 07:09:13 PM MSK 2023 CPU: 43.2% Mem: 32.1429% Disk:70%
 : Thu Mar  9 07:09:29 PM MSK 2023 CPU: 45.7% Mem: 32.1429% Disk:70%
 : Thu Mar  9 07:09:44 PM MSK 2023 CPU: 34.1% Mem: 32.1429% Disk:70%
 : Thu Mar  9 07:09:59 PM MSK 2023 CPU: 28.5% Mem: 32.1429% Disk:70%
 : Thu Mar  9 07:10:14 PM MSK 2023 CPU: 22.5% Mem: 32.1429% Disk:70%
 : Thu Mar  9 07:10:30 PM MSK 2023 CPU: 34.8% Mem: 32.1429% Disk:70%
 : Thu Mar  9 07:10:45 PM MSK 2023 CPU: 37.6% Mem: 32.1429% Disk:70%
 : Thu Mar  9 07:11:00 PM MSK 2023 CPU: 29.8% Mem: 32.1429% Disk:70%
--- a/week6/lab6.html
+++ b/week6/lab6.html
--- a/week6/status.sh
+++ b/week6/status.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
 #!/bin/bash

 while :
 do
    CPUUSAGE="$(top -b - n 1 | grep "Cpu" | awk '{print 100-$8}')%"
    MEMUSAGE="$(free -h | grep "Mem" | awk '{print $3/$2*100}')%"
    # disk usage for root directory
    DISKUSAGE="$(df -h | awk '{ if ($6 == "/")
    print $5;
    }')"

    echo "$(date) CPU: $CPUUSAGE Mem: $MEMUSAGE Disk:$DISKUSAGE" >> /var/log/system_utilization.log
    sleep 15
 done
--- a/week6/zombie.c
+++ b/week6/zombie.c
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <unistd.h>

 int main() {
 	pid_t p = fork();
 	if (p == 0) {
 		exit(0);
 	} else {
 		sleep(2);
 	}
 }
--- a/week7/backup-anacron.sh
+++ b/week7/backup-anacron.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 rm /home/rinri/edu/sna/funny-dir_*
 FNAME="$(date '+/home/rinri/edu/sna/funny-dir_%b_%d_%Y_%H_%M_%S.tar.gz')"
 tar caf "$FNAME" /home/rinri/edu/sna/funny-dir
--- a/week7/backup-nginx.sh
+++ b/week7/backup-nginx.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 rm /home/rinri/edu/sna/nginx-www_*
 FNAME="$(date '+/home/rinri/edu/sna/nginx-www_%b_%d_%Y_%H_%M_%S.tar.gz')"
 tar caf "$FNAME" /var/www/
--- a/week7/backup.sh
+++ b/week7/backup.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
 FNAME="$(date '+/home/rinri/edu/sna/funny-dir_%b_%d_%Y_%H_%M_%S.tar.gz')"
 tar caf "$FNAME" /home/rinri/edu/sna/funny-dir
--- a/week7/funny-dir/hanyuu01.png
+++ b/week7/funny-dir/hanyuu01.png
--- a/week7/lab7-solution.html
+++ b/week7/lab7-solution.html
@@ -0,0 +1,327 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
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 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
 <head>
 <!-- 2023-03-16 Thu 23:57 -->
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" />
 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
 <title>Lab7 Solution Amirlan Sharipov (BS21-CS-01)</title>
 <meta name="author" content="Amirlan Sharipov (BS21-CS-01)" />
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 </head>
 <body>
 <div id="content" class="content">
 <h1 class="title">Lab7 Solution Amirlan Sharipov (BS21-CS-01)</h1>
 <div id="table-of-contents" role="doc-toc">
 <h2>Table of Contents</h2>
 <div id="text-table-of-contents" role="doc-toc">
 <ul>
 <li><a href="#org8c14420">1. Question 1</a>
 <ul>
 <li><a href="#orgc4ec78f">1.1. Cron job</a></li>
 <li><a href="#org5944223">1.2. Anacron</a></li>
 </ul>
 </li>
 <li><a href="#org0c66d73">2. Question 2</a>
 <ul>
 <li><a href="#org3b52abd">2.1. Cron job</a></li>
 </ul>
 </li>
 <li><a href="#orgc000000">3. Question 3</a></li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 </div>

 <div id="outline-container-org8c14420" class="outline-2">
 <h2 id="org8c14420"><span class="section-number-2">1.</span> Question 1</h2>
 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-1">
 </div>
 <div id="outline-container-orgc4ec78f" class="outline-3">
 <h3 id="orgc4ec78f"><span class="section-number-3">1.1.</span> Cron job</h3>
 <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-1">
 <p>
 0 0 */5 * *		/home/rinri/edu/sna/backup.sh
 </p>

 <div class="org-src-container">
 <pre class="src src-bash"><span style="color: #c792ea;">cat</span> backup.sh
 </pre>
 </div>

 <pre class="example">
 FNAME="$(date '+/home/rinri/edu/sna/funny-dir_%b_%d_%Y_%H_%M_%S.tar.gz')"
 tar caf "$FNAME" /home/rinri/edu/sna/funny-dir
 </pre>
 </div>
 </div>

 <div id="outline-container-org5944223" class="outline-3">
 <h3 id="org5944223"><span class="section-number-3">1.2.</span> Anacron</h3>
 <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-2">
 <p>
 1 	10	backup-anacron /home/rinri/edu/sna/backup-anacron.sh
 </p>

 <div class="org-src-container">
 <pre class="src src-bash"><span style="color: #c792ea;">cat</span> backup-anacron.sh
 </pre>
 </div>

 <pre class="example">
 #!/bin/bash
 rm /home/rinri/edu/sna/funny-dir_*
 FNAME="$(date '+/home/rinri/edu/sna/funny-dir_%b_%d_%Y_%H_%M_%S.tar.gz')"
 tar caf "$FNAME" /home/rinri/edu/sna/funny-dir
 </pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>

 <div id="outline-container-org0c66d73" class="outline-2">
 <h2 id="org0c66d73"><span class="section-number-2">2.</span> Question 2</h2>
 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-2">
 </div>
 <div id="outline-container-org3b52abd" class="outline-3">
 <h3 id="org3b52abd"><span class="section-number-3">2.1.</span> Cron job</h3>
 <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-2-1">
 <p>
 0 0 * * 0   /home/rinri/edu/sna/backup-nginx.sh
 </p>

 <div class="org-src-container">
 <pre class="src src-bash"><span style="color: #c792ea;">cat</span> backup-nginx.sh
 </pre>
 </div>

 <pre class="example">
 #!/bin/bash
 rm /home/rinri/edu/sna/nginx-www_*
 FNAME="$(date '+/home/rinri/edu/sna/nginx-www_%b_%d_%Y_%H_%M_%S.tar.gz')"
 tar caf "$FNAME" /var/www/
 </pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>

 <div id="outline-container-orgc000000" class="outline-2">
 <h2 id="orgc000000"><span class="section-number-2">3.</span> Question 3</h2>
 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-3">
 <p>
 5 * * * *		/home/rinri/edu/sna/log-info.sh &ldquo;5 minutes after midnight everyday&rdquo;
 </p>

 <p>
 0 10 * * 1-5	/home/rinri/edu/sna/log-info.sh &ldquo;10:00 on weekdays&rdquo;
 </p>

 <p>
 0 4 * * 1	/home/rinri/edu/sna/log-info.sh &ldquo;4:00 on Monday&rdquo;
 </p>

 <p>
 0 0 8-14 * 6    /home/rinri/edu/sna/log-info.sh &ldquo;second saturday of the month&rdquo;
 </p>

 <div class="org-src-container">
 <pre class="src src-bash"><span style="color: #c792ea;">cat</span> log-info.sh
 </pre>
 </div>

 <pre class="example">
 #!/bin/bash
 echo "$(date '+%d-%m-%y %H:%M:%S') $1" &gt;&gt; /var/log/sna_cron.log
 </pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="postamble" class="status">
 <p class="author">Author: Amirlan Sharipov (BS21-CS-01)</p>
 <p class="date">Created: 2023-03-16 Thu 23:57</p>
 </div>
 </body>
 </html>
--- a/week7/lab7-solution.org
+++ b/week7/lab7-solution.org
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
 #+title: Lab7 Solution
 #+title: Amirlan Sharipov (BS21-CS-01)
 #+author: Amirlan Sharipov (BS21-CS-01)
 #+PROPERTY: header-args :results verbatim :exports both
 #+OPTIONS: ^:nil

 * Question 1
 ** Cron job
 0 0 */5 * *		/home/rinri/edu/sna/backup.sh

 #+begin_src bash
 cat backup.sh
 #+end_src

 #+RESULTS:
 : FNAME="$(date '+/home/rinri/edu/sna/funny-dir_%b_%d_%Y_%H_%M_%S.tar.gz')"
 : tar caf "$FNAME" /home/rinri/edu/sna/funny-dir

 ** Anacron
 1 	10	backup-anacron /home/rinri/edu/sna/backup-anacron.sh

 #+begin_src bash
 cat backup-anacron.sh
 #+end_src

 #+RESULTS:
 : #!/bin/bash
 : rm /home/rinri/edu/sna/funny-dir_*
 : FNAME="$(date '+/home/rinri/edu/sna/funny-dir_%b_%d_%Y_%H_%M_%S.tar.gz')"
 : tar caf "$FNAME" /home/rinri/edu/sna/funny-dir

 * Question 2
 ** Cron job
 0 0 * * 0   /home/rinri/edu/sna/backup-nginx.sh

 #+begin_src bash
 cat backup-nginx.sh
 #+end_src

 #+RESULTS:
 : #!/bin/bash
 : rm /home/rinri/edu/sna/nginx-www_*
 : FNAME="$(date '+/home/rinri/edu/sna/nginx-www_%b_%d_%Y_%H_%M_%S.tar.gz')"
 : tar caf "$FNAME" /var/www/

 * Question 3
 5 * * * *		/home/rinri/edu/sna/log-info.sh "5 minutes after midnight everyday"

 0 10 * * 1-5	/home/rinri/edu/sna/log-info.sh "10:00 on weekdays"

 0 4 * * 1	/home/rinri/edu/sna/log-info.sh "4:00 on Monday"

 0 0 8-14 * 6    /home/rinri/edu/sna/log-info.sh "second saturday of the month"

 #+begin_src bash
 cat log-info.sh
 #+end_src

 #+RESULTS:
 : #!/bin/bash
 : echo "$(date '+%d-%m-%y %H:%M:%S') $1" >> /var/log/sna_cron.log
--- a/week7/lab7.html
+++ b/week7/lab7.html
--- a/week7/log-info.sh
+++ b/week7/log-info.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 echo "$(date '+%d-%m-%y %H:%M:%S') $1" >> /var/log/sna_cron.log
--- a/week8/lab8-solution.html
+++ b/week8/lab8-solution.html
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 <div id="content" class="content">
 <h1 class="title">Lab8 Solution Amirlan Sharipov (BS21-CS-01)</h1>
 <div id="table-of-contents" role="doc-toc">
 <h2>Table of Contents</h2>
 <div id="text-table-of-contents" role="doc-toc">
 <ul>
 <li><a href="#org0007992">1. Question 1</a></li>
 <li><a href="#orga4022cb">2. Question 2</a>
 <ul>
 <li><a href="#orgaa7681b">2.1. Information taken from man pages:</a>
 <ul>
 <li><a href="#org3d62e77">2.1.1. basic.target</a></li>
 <li><a href="#org2c7a54d">2.1.2. graphical.target</a></li>
 <li><a href="#orgaa0ad68">2.1.3. multi-user.target</a></li>
 <li><a href="#org088723a">2.1.4. sysinit.target</a></li>
 </ul>
 </li>
 <li><a href="#org28d8cd5">2.2. Wants for sysinit.target</a></li>
 </ul>
 </li>
 <li><a href="#org6fe32f2">3. Question 3</a></li>
 <li><a href="#org198189e">4. Question 4</a></li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 </div>

 <div id="outline-container-org0007992" class="outline-2">
 <h2 id="org0007992"><span class="section-number-2">1.</span> Question 1</h2>
 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-1">
 <div class="org-src-container">
 <pre class="src src-bash">systemd-analyze
 systemd-analyze plot &gt; systemd.svg
 </pre>
 </div>

 <pre class="example">
 Startup finished in 5.093s (firmware) + 122ms (loader) + 7.459s (kernel) + 4.545s (userspace) = 17.221s 
 graphical.target reached after 4.544s in userspace.
 </pre>



 <div id="orgcc0476f" class="figure">
 <p><img src="./systemd.svg" alt="systemd.svg" class="org-svg" width="1000px" />
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>

 <div id="outline-container-orga4022cb" class="outline-2">
 <h2 id="orga4022cb"><span class="section-number-2">2.</span> Question 2</h2>
 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-2">
 <p>
 graphical.target -&gt; multi-user.target -&gt; basic.target -&gt; sysinit.target
 </p>

 <div class="org-src-container">
 <pre class="src src-bash"><span style="color: #c792ea;">cat</span> /usr/lib/systemd/system/graphical.target
 <span style="color: #c792ea;">cat</span> /usr/lib/systemd/system/multi-user.target
 <span style="color: #c792ea;">cat</span> /usr/lib/systemd/system/basic.target
 <span style="color: #c792ea;">cat</span> /usr/lib/systemd/system/sysinit.target
 </pre>
 </div>

 <pre class="example" id="org05984f4">
 #  SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later
 #
 #  This file is part of systemd.
 #
 #  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 #  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
 #  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
 #  (at your option) any later version.

 [Unit]
 Description=Graphical Interface
 Documentation=man:systemd.special(7)
 Requires=multi-user.target
 Wants=display-manager.service
 Conflicts=rescue.service rescue.target
 After=multi-user.target rescue.service rescue.target display-manager.service
 AllowIsolate=yes
 #  SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later
 #
 #  This file is part of systemd.
 #
 #  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 #  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
 #  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
 #  (at your option) any later version.

 [Unit]
 Description=Multi-User System
 Documentation=man:systemd.special(7)
 Requires=basic.target
 Conflicts=rescue.service rescue.target
 After=basic.target rescue.service rescue.target
 AllowIsolate=yes
 #  SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later
 #
 #  This file is part of systemd.
 #
 #  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 #  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
 #  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
 #  (at your option) any later version.

 [Unit]
 Description=Basic System
 Documentation=man:systemd.special(7)
 Requires=sysinit.target
 Wants=sockets.target timers.target paths.target slices.target
 After=sysinit.target sockets.target paths.target slices.target tmp.mount

 # We support /var, /tmp, /var/tmp, being on NFS, but we don't pull in
 # remote-fs.target by default, hence pull them in explicitly here. Note that we
 # require /var and /var/tmp, but only add a Wants= type dependency on /tmp, as
 # we support that unit being masked, and this should not be considered an error.
 RequiresMountsFor=/var /var/tmp
 Wants=tmp.mount
 #  SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later
 #
 #  This file is part of systemd.
 #
 #  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 #  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
 #  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
 #  (at your option) any later version.

 [Unit]
 Description=System Initialization
 Documentation=man:systemd.special(7)

 Wants=local-fs.target swap.target
 After=local-fs.target swap.target
 Conflicts=emergency.service emergency.target
 Before=emergency.service emergency.target
 </pre>
 </div>

 <div id="outline-container-orgaa7681b" class="outline-3">
 <h3 id="orgaa7681b"><span class="section-number-3">2.1.</span> Information taken from man pages:</h3>
 <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-2-1">
 </div>
 <div id="outline-container-org3d62e77" class="outline-4">
 <h4 id="org3d62e77"><span class="section-number-4">2.1.1.</span> basic.target</h4>
 <div class="outline-text-4" id="text-2-1-1">
 <p>
 A special target unit covering basic boot-up.
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="outline-container-org2c7a54d" class="outline-4">
 <h4 id="org2c7a54d"><span class="section-number-4">2.1.2.</span> graphical.target</h4>
 <div class="outline-text-4" id="text-2-1-2">
 <p>
 A special target unit for setting up a graphical login screen. This pulls in multi-user.target.
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="outline-container-orgaa0ad68" class="outline-4">
 <h4 id="orgaa0ad68"><span class="section-number-4">2.1.3.</span> multi-user.target</h4>
 <div class="outline-text-4" id="text-2-1-3">
 <p>
 A special target unit for setting up a multi-user system (non-graphical). This is pulled in by graphical.target.
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="outline-container-org088723a" class="outline-4">
 <h4 id="org088723a"><span class="section-number-4">2.1.4.</span> sysinit.target</h4>
 <div class="outline-text-4" id="text-2-1-4">
 <p>
 This target pulls in the services required for system initialization.
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="outline-container-org28d8cd5" class="outline-3">
 <h3 id="org28d8cd5"><span class="section-number-3">2.2.</span> Wants for sysinit.target</h3>
 <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-2-2">
 <p>
 Wants=local-fs.target swap.target
 Wants is used like Requires, but it&rsquo;s less strict, meaning that it can start if the &ldquo;wanted&rdquo; service doesn&rsquo;t exist or failed to start.
 In this case, it wants local filesystems and swap to start.
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>

 <div id="outline-container-org6fe32f2" class="outline-2">
 <h2 id="org6fe32f2"><span class="section-number-2">3.</span> Question 3</h2>
 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-3">
 <div class="org-src-container">
 <pre class="src src-bash"><span style="color: #c792ea;">cat</span> webserver.sh
 </pre>
 </div>

 <pre class="example">
 #!/bin/bash

 while true ; do
    STATS="&lt;h1&gt;Uptime&lt;/h1&gt;$(uptime)\n&lt;h1&gt;Inode and disk usage&lt;/h1&gt;$(df -ih)\n&lt;h1&gt;Mem usage&lt;/h1&gt;$(free -h)\n&lt;h1&gt;Syslog&lt;/h1&gt;$(tail -n 15 /var/log/syslog)\r\n\r\n"
    LEN=$(printf "%s" "$STATS" | wc -c)
    RES="HTTP/1.1 200OK\r\nContent-Length: $LEN\r\n\r\n"
    echo -e "$RES$STATS"| nc -l -p 1500;
 done
 </pre>


 <p>
 [Unit]
 Description=stats web server
 </p>

 <p>
 [Service]
 User=root
 ExecStart=/home/rinri/edu/sna/webserver.sh
 Restart=always
 CPUQuota=15%
 MemoryMax=256000000
 </p>

 <p>
 [Install]
 WantedBy=multi-user.target
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>

 <div id="outline-container-org198189e" class="outline-2">
 <h2 id="org198189e"><span class="section-number-2">4.</span> Question 4</h2>
 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-4">
 <div class="org-src-container">
 <pre class="src src-bash"><span style="color: #c792ea;">cat</span> update.sh
 </pre>
 </div>

 <pre class="example">
 #!/bin/bash

 pacman -Sy
 </pre>


 <p>
 [Unit]
 Description=update package sources list
 </p>

 <p>
 [Service]
 User=root
 ExecStart=/home/rinri/edu/sna/update.sh
 </p>

 <p>
 [Install]
 WantedBy=multi-user.target
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="postamble" class="status">
 <p class="author">Author: Amirlan Sharipov (BS21-CS-01)</p>
 <p class="date">Created: 2023-03-23 Thu 23:57</p>
 </div>
 </body>
 </html>
--- a/week8/lab8-solution.org
+++ b/week8/lab8-solution.org
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
 #+title: Lab8 Solution
 #+title: Amirlan Sharipov (BS21-CS-01)
 #+author: Amirlan Sharipov (BS21-CS-01)
 #+PROPERTY: header-args :results verbatim :exports both
 #+OPTIONS: ^:nil

 * Question 1
 #+begin_src bash
 systemd-analyze
 systemd-analyze plot > systemd.svg
 #+end_src

 #+RESULTS:
 : Startup finished in 5.093s (firmware) + 122ms (loader) + 7.459s (kernel) + 4.545s (userspace) = 17.221s
 : graphical.target reached after 4.544s in userspace.

 #+ATTR_HTML: :width 1000px
 [[./systemd.svg]]

 * Question 2
 graphical.target -> multi-user.target -> basic.target -> sysinit.target

 #+begin_src bash
 cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/graphical.target
 cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/multi-user.target
 cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/basic.target
 cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/sysinit.target
 #+end_src

 #+RESULTS:
 #+begin_example
 #  SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later
 #
 #  This file is part of systemd.
 #
 #  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 #  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
 #  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
 #  (at your option) any later version.

 [Unit]
 Description=Graphical Interface
 Documentation=man:systemd.special(7)
 Requires=multi-user.target
 Wants=display-manager.service
 Conflicts=rescue.service rescue.target
 After=multi-user.target rescue.service rescue.target display-manager.service
 AllowIsolate=yes
 #  SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later
 #
 #  This file is part of systemd.
 #
 #  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 #  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
 #  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
 #  (at your option) any later version.

 [Unit]
 Description=Multi-User System
 Documentation=man:systemd.special(7)
 Requires=basic.target
 Conflicts=rescue.service rescue.target
 After=basic.target rescue.service rescue.target
 AllowIsolate=yes
 #  SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later
 #
 #  This file is part of systemd.
 #
 #  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 #  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
 #  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
 #  (at your option) any later version.

 [Unit]
 Description=Basic System
 Documentation=man:systemd.special(7)
 Requires=sysinit.target
 Wants=sockets.target timers.target paths.target slices.target
 After=sysinit.target sockets.target paths.target slices.target tmp.mount

 # We support /var, /tmp, /var/tmp, being on NFS, but we don't pull in
 # remote-fs.target by default, hence pull them in explicitly here. Note that we
 # require /var and /var/tmp, but only add a Wants= type dependency on /tmp, as
 # we support that unit being masked, and this should not be considered an error.
 RequiresMountsFor=/var /var/tmp
 Wants=tmp.mount
 #  SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later
 #
 #  This file is part of systemd.
 #
 #  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 #  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
 #  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
 #  (at your option) any later version.

 [Unit]
 Description=System Initialization
 Documentation=man:systemd.special(7)

 Wants=local-fs.target swap.target
 After=local-fs.target swap.target
 Conflicts=emergency.service emergency.target
 Before=emergency.service emergency.target
 #+end_example

 ** Information taken from man pages:
 *** basic.target
 A special target unit covering basic boot-up.
 *** graphical.target
 A special target unit for setting up a graphical login screen. This pulls in multi-user.target.
 *** multi-user.target
 A special target unit for setting up a multi-user system (non-graphical). This is pulled in by graphical.target.
 *** sysinit.target
 This target pulls in the services required for system initialization.
 ** Wants for sysinit.target
 Wants=local-fs.target swap.target
 Wants is used like Requires, but it's less strict, meaning that it can start if the "wanted" service doesn't exist or failed to start.
 In this case, it wants local filesystems and swap to start.

 * Question 3
 #+begin_src bash
 cat webserver.sh
 #+end_src

 #+RESULTS:
 : #!/bin/bash
 :
 : while true ; do
 :     STATS="<h1>Uptime</h1>$(uptime)\n<h1>Inode and disk usage</h1>$(df -ih)\n<h1>Mem usage</h1>$(free -h)\n<h1>Syslog</h1>$(tail -n 15 /var/log/syslog)\r\n\r\n"
 :     LEN=$(printf "%s" "$STATS" | wc -c)
 :     RES="HTTP/1.1 200OK\r\nContent-Length: $LEN\r\n\r\n"
 :     echo -e "$RES$STATS"| nc -l -p 1500;
 : done

 [Unit]
 Description=stats web server

 [Service]
 User=root
 ExecStart=/home/rinri/edu/sna/webserver.sh
 Restart=always
 CPUQuota=15%
 MemoryMax=256000000

 [Install]
 WantedBy=multi-user.target

 * Question 4
 #+begin_src bash
 cat update.sh
 #+end_src

 [Unit]
 Description=update package sources list

 [Service]
 User=root
 ExecStart=/home/rinri/edu/sna/update.sh

 [Install]
 WantedBy=multi-user.target
--- a/week8/lab8.html
+++ b/week8/lab8.html
--- a/week8/systemd.svg
+++ b/week8/systemd.svg
--- a/week8/update.sh
+++ b/week8/update.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
 #!/bin/bash

 pacman -Sy
--- a/week8/webserver.sh
+++ b/week8/webserver.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
 #!/bin/bash

 while true ; do
    STATS="<h1>Uptime</h1>$(uptime)\n<h1>Inode and disk usage</h1>$(df -ih)\n<h1>Mem usage</h1>$(free -h)\n<h1>Syslog</h1>$(tail -n 15 /var/log/syslog)\r\n\r\n"
    LEN=$(printf "%s" "$STATS" | wc -c)
    RES="HTTP/1.1 200OK\r\nContent-Length: $LEN\r\n\r\n"
    echo -e "$RES$STATS"| nc -l -p 1500;
 done
--- a/week9/control
+++ b/week9/control
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
 Package: hellopackage
 Version: 1.0
 Architecture: all
 Maintainer: RinRi
 Depends: python3
 Description: Hello world
--- a/week9/create-package.sh
+++ b/week9/create-package.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
 #!/bin/bash

 rm -rf hellopackage
 mkdir -p hellopackage hellopackage/usr/local/bin hellopackage/var/helloworld
 printf "%s" '#!/usr/bin/env python3\nprint("Hello, World!")' > hellopackage/var/helloworld/helloworld.py
 printf "%s" '#!/bin/bash\n/var/helloworld/helloworld.py' > hellopackage/usr/local/bin/helloworld
 chmod -R 0755 hellopackage/var/helloworld hellopackage/usr/local/bin/helloworld

 mkdir -p hellopackage/DEBIAN
 cp control hellopackage/DEBIAN/
 dpkg-deb --build --root-owner-group hellopackage
--- a/week9/hellopackage/DEBIAN/control
+++ b/week9/hellopackage/DEBIAN/control
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
 Package: hellopackage
 Version: 1.0
 Architecture: all
 Maintainer: RinRi
 Depends: python3
 Description: Hello world
--- a/week9/hellopackage/usr/local/bin/helloworld
+++ b/week9/hellopackage/usr/local/bin/helloworld
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
 #!/bin/bash\n/var/helloworld/helloworld.py
--- a/week9/hellopackage/var/helloworld/helloworld.py
+++ b/week9/hellopackage/var/helloworld/helloworld.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3\nprint("Hello, World!")
--- a/week9/lab9-image-01.jpg
+++ b/week9/lab9-image-01.jpg
--- a/week9/lab9-solution.html
+++ b/week9/lab9-solution.html
@@ -0,0 +1,360 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
 <head>
 <!-- 2023-03-30 Thu 21:34 -->
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" />
 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
 <title>Lab9 Solution Amirlan Sharipov (BS21-CS-01)</title>
 <meta name="author" content="Amirlan Sharipov (BS21-CS-01)" />
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 </style>
 </head>
 <body>
 <div id="content" class="content">
 <h1 class="title">Lab9 Solution Amirlan Sharipov (BS21-CS-01)</h1>
 <div id="table-of-contents" role="doc-toc">
 <h2>Table of Contents</h2>
 <div id="text-table-of-contents" role="doc-toc">
 <ul>
 <li><a href="#org21d542a">1. Question 1</a></li>
 <li><a href="#org3b74767">2. Question 2</a></li>
 <li><a href="#org8d3c3fc">3. Question 3</a></li>
 <li><a href="#org469c55f">4. Question 4</a></li>
 <li><a href="#orgdfe38ae">5. Question 5</a>
 <ul>
 <li><a href="#org9953654">5.1. Add gpg atom&rsquo;s gpg keys</a></li>
 <li><a href="#org8291486">5.2. Add atom&rsquo;s repository to sources list</a></li>
 <li><a href="#orgef945fa">5.3. Dowload packages information from all sources</a></li>
 <li><a href="#org3bb35d0">5.4. Search for atom</a></li>
 <li><a href="#org232fa14">5.5. Finally install atom</a></li>
 </ul>
 </li>
 <li><a href="#orgb6f9c6c">6. Question 6</a></li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 </div>

 <div id="outline-container-org21d542a" class="outline-2">
 <h2 id="org21d542a"><span class="section-number-2">1.</span> Question 1</h2>
 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-1">
 <p>
 One of the alternative is to use GPS-based ntp and sync time with the satellites.
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>

 <div id="outline-container-org3b74767" class="outline-2">
 <h2 id="org3b74767"><span class="section-number-2">2.</span> Question 2</h2>
 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-2">
 <p>
 Use one server as an ntp client and another as an ntp server and sync them regularly using cron.
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>

 <div id="outline-container-org8d3c3fc" class="outline-2">
 <h2 id="org8d3c3fc"><span class="section-number-2">3.</span> Question 3</h2>
 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-3">
 <p>
 apt is a new command-line interface aimer for interactive usage.
 apt is a high-level tool to interact with tools like apt-get and apt-cache.
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>

 <div id="outline-container-org469c55f" class="outline-2">
 <h2 id="org469c55f"><span class="section-number-2">4.</span> Question 4</h2>
 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-4">
 <p>
 upgrade only upgrades the packages and never removes them, whereas full-upgrade may result in removal of some packages. This may cause problems for system administrators.
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>

 <div id="outline-container-orgdfe38ae" class="outline-2">
 <h2 id="orgdfe38ae"><span class="section-number-2">5.</span> Question 5</h2>
 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-5">
 <p>
 The information is taken from <a href="https://linuxhint.com/install-atom-text-editor-ubuntu-22-04/">https://linuxhint.com/install-atom-text-editor-ubuntu-22-04/</a>
 I am very skeptical about this method. Atom is deprecated. As well as apt-key. But it works
 </p>
 </div>

 <div id="outline-container-org9953654" class="outline-3">
 <h3 id="org9953654"><span class="section-number-3">5.1.</span> Add gpg atom&rsquo;s gpg keys</h3>
 <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-5-1">
 <p>
 wget -qO - <a href="https://packagecloud.io/AtomEditor/atom/gpgkey">https://packagecloud.io/AtomEditor/atom/gpgkey</a> | sudo apt-key add -
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="outline-container-org8291486" class="outline-3">
 <h3 id="org8291486"><span class="section-number-3">5.2.</span> Add atom&rsquo;s repository to sources list</h3>
 <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-5-2">
 <p>
 sudo sh -c &rsquo;echo &ldquo;deb [arch=amd64] <a href="https://packagecloud.io/AtomEditor/atom/any/">https://packagecloud.io/AtomEditor/atom/any/</a> any main&rdquo; &gt; /etc/apt/sources.list.d/atom.list&rsquo;
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="outline-container-orgef945fa" class="outline-3">
 <h3 id="orgef945fa"><span class="section-number-3">5.3.</span> Dowload packages information from all sources</h3>
 <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-5-3">
 <p>
 sudo apt update
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="outline-container-org3bb35d0" class="outline-3">
 <h3 id="org3bb35d0"><span class="section-number-3">5.4.</span> Search for atom</h3>
 <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-5-4">
 <p>
 apt search atom
 There was a huge output with atom in it.
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="outline-container-org232fa14" class="outline-3">
 <h3 id="org232fa14"><span class="section-number-3">5.5.</span> Finally install atom</h3>
 <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-5-5">
 <p>
 sudo apt install atom
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>

 <div id="outline-container-orgb6f9c6c" class="outline-2">
 <h2 id="orgb6f9c6c"><span class="section-number-2">6.</span> Question 6</h2>
 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-6">
 <div class="org-src-container">
 <pre class="src src-bash"><span style="color: #c792ea;">cat</span> control create-package.sh
 </pre>
 </div>

 <pre class="example" id="orge68b8fa">
 Package: hellopackage
 Version: 1.0
 Architecture: all
 Maintainer: RinRi
 Depends: python3
 Description: Hello world
 #!/bin/bash

 rm -rf hellopackage
 mkdir -p hellopackage hellopackage/usr/local/bin hellopackage/var/helloworld
 printf "%s" '#!/usr/bin/env python3\nprint("Hello, World!")' &gt; hellopackage/var/helloworld/helloworld.py
 printf "%s" '#!/bin/bash\n/var/helloworld/helloworld.py' &gt; hellopackage/usr/local/bin/helloworld
 chmod -R 0755 hellopackage/var/helloworld hellopackage/usr/local/bin/helloworld

 mkdir -p hellopackage/DEBIAN
 cp control hellopackage/DEBIAN/
 dpkg-deb --build --root-owner-group hellopackage
 </pre>

 <p>
 After this just use sudo apt install ./hellopackage.deb and everything works.
 </p>


 <div id="orgf4ac92c" class="figure">
 <p><img src="./lab9-image-01.jpg" alt="lab9-image-01.jpg" />
 </p>
 </div>

 <p>
 The artifacts created by the package are the same as in the image but from the root directory.
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="postamble" class="status">
 <p class="author">Author: Amirlan Sharipov (BS21-CS-01)</p>
 <p class="date">Created: 2023-03-30 Thu 21:34</p>
 </div>
 </body>
 </html>
--- a/week9/lab9-solution.org
+++ b/week9/lab9-solution.org
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
 #+title: Lab9 Solution
 #+title: Amirlan Sharipov (BS21-CS-01)
 #+author: Amirlan Sharipov (BS21-CS-01)
 #+PROPERTY: header-args :results verbatim :exports both
 #+OPTIONS: ^:nil

 * Question 1
 One of the alternative is to use GPS-based ntp and sync time with the satellites.

 * Question 2
 Use one server as an ntp client and another as an ntp server and sync them regularly using cron.

 * Question 3
 apt is a new command-line interface aimer for interactive usage.
 apt is a high-level tool to interact with tools like apt-get and apt-cache.

 * Question 4
 upgrade only upgrades the packages and never removes them, whereas full-upgrade may result in removal of some packages. This may cause problems for system administrators.

 * Question 5
 The information is taken from https://linuxhint.com/install-atom-text-editor-ubuntu-22-04/
 I am very skeptical about this method. Atom is deprecated. As well as apt-key. But it works

 ** Add gpg atom's gpg keys
 wget -qO - https://packagecloud.io/AtomEditor/atom/gpgkey | sudo apt-key add -
 ** Add atom's repository to sources list
 sudo sh -c 'echo "deb [arch=amd64] https://packagecloud.io/AtomEditor/atom/any/ any main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/atom.list'
 ** Dowload packages information from all sources
 sudo apt update
 ** Search for atom
 apt search atom
 There was a huge output with atom in it.
 ** Finally install atom
 sudo apt install atom

 * Question 6
 #+begin_src bash
 cat control create-package.sh
 #+end_src

 #+RESULTS:
 #+begin_example
 Package: hellopackage
 Version: 1.0
 Architecture: all
 Maintainer: RinRi
 Depends: python3
 Description: Hello world
 #!/bin/bash

 rm -rf hellopackage
 mkdir -p hellopackage hellopackage/usr/local/bin hellopackage/var/helloworld
 printf "%s" '#!/usr/bin/env python3\nprint("Hello, World!")' > hellopackage/var/helloworld/helloworld.py
 printf "%s" '#!/bin/bash\n/var/helloworld/helloworld.py' > hellopackage/usr/local/bin/helloworld
 chmod -R 0755 hellopackage/var/helloworld hellopackage/usr/local/bin/helloworld

 mkdir -p hellopackage/DEBIAN
 cp control hellopackage/DEBIAN/
 dpkg-deb --build --root-owner-group hellopackage
 #+end_example

 After this just use sudo apt install ./hellopackage.deb and everything works.

 [[./lab9-image-01.jpg]]

 The artifacts created by the package are the same as in the image but from the root directory.
--- a/week9/lab9.html
+++ b/week9/lab9.html